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Worksheetslecture 6
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 20mins
The main function of intermediate filaments is:
Intracellular transport
Mechanical strength
Cell signaling
ATP generation
Intermediate filaments are described as:
Rigid rods
Strong and ropelike
Hollow tubes
Thin and flexible
Which intermediate filaments form a supportive mesh under the nuclear envelope?
Keratins
Vimentins
Lamins
Neurofilaments
Mutations in lamins can cause:
Progeria
Cystic fibrosis
Tay-Sachs disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Intermediate filaments are grouped into how many main classes?
Two
Three
Four
Five
The major microtubule-organizing center in animal cells is the:
Golgi apparatus
Centrosome
ER
Nucleus
Microtubules are built from:
Actin monomers
Tubulin dimers
Intermediate filament proteins
Keratins
The behavior of alternating growth and shrinkage in microtubules is called:
Treadmilling
Dynamic instability
Sliding filament
Depolymerization
Dynamic instability is driven by:
ATP hydrolysis
GTP hydrolysis
Phosphorylation
Proton gradients
Which motor protein moves cargo toward the plus end of microtubules?
Dynein
Kinesin
Myosin-I
Myosin-II
Dyneins move cargo:
Toward the plus end
Toward the minus end
Bidirectionally
Only in actin filaments
Which organelle is pulled inward along microtubules by dynein?
ER
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
The microtubule arrangement in cilia and flagella is:
9 + 0
9 + 2
13 + 0
9 + 3
The bending movement of cilia is caused by:
ATP hydrolysis by myosin
Sliding of actin filaments
Dynein movement along microtubules
Polymerization of tubulin
Microtubules in axons are responsible for:
Generating contractile forces
Guiding transport of vesicles and organelles
Synthesizing neurotransmitters
Degrading proteins
Actin filaments are:
Rigid rods
Thin and flexible
Hollow tubes
Rope-like structures
Actin and tubulin polymerize by:
Identical mechanisms
Similar mechanisms
Completely different mechanisms
No mechanisms
Regulation of actin filament polymer length is controlled by:
Treadmilling
Dynamic instability
Motor proteins
Phosphorylation
Thymosin and profilin regulate actin by:
Binding actin monomers and blocking addition
Severing filaments
Crosslinking filaments
Promoting myosin sliding
Actin-rich cortex underlies:
Mitochondria
The plasma membrane
The nucleus
The ER
Lamellipodia are formed by:
Polymerizing actin pushing the membrane
Microtubule sliding
Intermediate filament bundling
Myosin filament thickening
Actin filaments interact with myosin to form:
Centrosomes
Contractile structures
Intermediate filaments
Dynein arms
Extracellular signals affect actin filaments by:
Modifying their arrangement
Preventing polymerization
Blocking actin gene expression
Destroying actin
Myosin-II filaments enable:
Vesicle transport
Sliding of actin filaments for contraction
Tubulin depolymerization
Nuclear import
A skeletal muscle is packed with:
Sarcomeres
Myofibrils
Intermediate filaments
Centrosomes
The functional contractile unit of skeletal muscle is the:
Myofibril
Sarcomere
Filopodium
Lamellipodium
Muscle contraction is explained by:
Treadmilling
Sliding filament mechanism
Dynamic instability
Vesicular transport
Which molecule “walks” along actin filaments during contraction?
Dynein
Myosin-II
Kinesin
Profilin
The myosin head movement is powered by:
ATP hydrolysis
GTP hydrolysis
Ca²⁺ binding directly
Mechanical stress
Contraction is triggered by Ca²⁺ released from:
Golgi
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Endosomes
Which proteins regulate actin–myosin binding in muscle?
Troponin and tropomyosin
Profilin and thymosin
Dynein and kinesin
Keratins
Smooth muscle differs from skeletal muscle because:
It lacks actin
It contracts more slowly and with different regulation
It uses microtubules instead of actin
It has no myosin
The leading edge of a crawling cell is pushed by:
Actin polymerization
Dynein sliding
Intermediate filaments
Centrosomes
What is treadmilling in actin filaments?
Growth at plus end, shrinkage at minus end
Growth and shrinkage at both ends
No change in filament length
Severing of filaments
Which cytoskeletal element provides tracks for vesicle transport?
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Actin filaments
Lamins
Which cytoskeletal element provides tensile strength?
Actin filaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Myosin
Which is NOT a cytoskeletal filament type?
Actin filaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Collagen
A drug that prevents tubulin polymerization would block:
Actin treadmilling
Microtubule formation
Intermediate filament assembly
Lamin polymerization
A drug that prevents actin polymerization would inhibit:
Muscle contraction
Cell crawling
Lamellipodia formation
All of the above
Cilia beating in the respiratory tract is powered by:
Kinesin
Dynein
Myosin-II
Actin polymerization
