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Total questions: 300
Worksheet time: 10hrs 0mins
What is the reconstructed common ancestor of Germanic languages called?
Proto-Celtic
Old Norse
Middle Germanic
Proto-Germanic
Old Saxon
Who translated the Gospels into Gothic?
H. Sweet
Snorri Sturluson
Ulfilas
Alfred the Great
Caesar
Where did Gothic survive the longest?
Denmark
Iceland
Norway
Crimea
Britain
What is the early common Scandinavian language called?
Old Danish
Old Norse
Old Swedish
Old Icelandic
Old Saxon
Which Scandinavian language is considered the most literary in early times?
Old Faroese
Old Icelandic
Old Swedish
Old Danish
Old Norwegian
Which group does English belong to?
Celtic
North Germanic
West Germanic
Italic
East Germanic
What linguistic change divides High and Low German?
The Great Vowel Shift
The i-mutation
Runic shift
The Second (High German) Sound Shift
Rhine consonant shift
Which languages form the Anglo-Frisian subgroup?
Old Saxon and Old High German
Norwegian and Danish
Old English and Old Frisian
Gothic and Vandalic
Old Dutch and Frisian
Which ancient Celtic language in Gaul was replaced by Latin?
Goidelic
Cornish
Brythonic
Manx
Gallic
Which Celtic language became extinct in the 18th century?
Breton
Scottish Gaelic
Welsh
Irish
Cornish
Which people introduced Latin into Britain?
The Anglo-Saxons
The Normans
The Vikings
The Romans
The Celts
Old English is mainly characterized by what type of grammar?
Agglutinative
Isolating
Synthetic
Analytic
Pidgin-like
What Old English characters represent the “th” sound?
æ and œ
f and v
þ and ð
sc and cg
c and k
Which Old English text is considered the best-known epic?
The Odyssey
The Prose Edda
Beowulf
The Chronicle of Bede
The Poetic Edda
What happened to the Old English vocabulary after the Norman Conquest?
It was completely forgotten
It became more inflected
Much of it disappeared and was replaced by French and Latin words
It expanded greatly with new Germanic borrowings
It remained unchanged
What sound change turned “sk” into “sh” in Old English?
Celtic shift
Great Vowel Shift
Second Sound Shift
i-mutation
Anglo-Saxon consonant shift
What percentage of Anglo-Saxon words survived into Modern English?
About 50%
About 1%
About 15%
About 30%
About 75%
Which dialect became the main written dialect of Old English?
Northumbrian
East Midlands
West Saxon
Mercian
Kentish
Which period is known as the time of full inflections?
Middle English
Proto-English
Modern English
Post-modern English
Old English
Which period saw the greatest reduction of inflections?
Modern English
Late West Saxon
Old English
Early English
Middle English
Which major event accelerated Middle English changes?
The Viking settlement
The Norman Conquest
The Industrial Revolution
The Renaissance
The Roman invasion
Which case endings merged due to leveling in Middle English?
-ed, -ing
-a, -u, -e, -an, -um
-ness, -ship
-er, -est
-tion, -sion
Which pronouns lost most of their forms in Middle English?
Reflexives
Demonstratives
Personal pronouns
Possessives
Interrogatives
Who introduced printing to England?
Geoffrey Chaucer
William Caxton
Robert Cawdrey
Alfred the Great
Daniel Defoe
When is the beginning of the Modern English period commonly placed?
450
1700
1500
900
1150
What was a major effect of printing on language?
More dialect diversity
Increase in runic writing
Standardization
Decline of literacy
Elimination of English
Which factor increased literacy in early Modern England?
Decline of printing
Spread of education
Isolation of villages
Reduction of schooling
Ban on newspapers
What greatly improved communication in modern times?
Runes
The telegraph
Wooden ships
Monastic scribes
Feudal systems
Which factor required new vocabulary in the Modern period?
Return to Latin
Growth of specialized knowledge
Fewer inventions
Reduced literacy
Decline of trade
Why did many 18th-century critics dislike foreign borrowings?
They preferred Celtic terms
They banned new words entirely
They feared English would be corrupted
They wanted more German words
They loved French too much
Which scholar published the first Old English dictionary?
Samuel Johnson
Richard Mulcaster
William Somner
Elyot
George Hickes
What was a common reason for defending English in the Renaissance?
To replace French in court
To eliminate Latin entirely
To make knowledge available to all people
To impose censorship
To reject classical learning
Which Renaissance figure strongly promoted English?
Ascham
Richard Mulcaster
Snorri Sturluson
Julius Caesar
Ulfilas
Which invention helped spread standardized English?
The runic alphabet
The printing press
The sundial
The reed pen
The abacus
Which conflict reduced Old English dialect prestige?
The Black Death
The Civil War
The Viking raids
The Roman invasion
The Norman Conquest
Which text is the oldest surviving Old English poem?
The Seafarer
Cædmon’s Hymn
The Chronicle
Beowulf
The Wanderer
Which languages influenced English most during Middle English?
Celtic and Greek
Norse and Finnish
Arabic and Hebrew
French and Latin
Basque and Dutch
What type of change characterizes Modern English grammar?
Return to synthetic grammar
Loss of inflections
Runic revival
Growth of case system
Gender reinforcement
Which factor unified English dialects in the 19th century?
Isolation of regions
Loss of literacy
Railroads and improved travel
Decline of newspapers
Rise of local kings
Which event expanded English globally?
Roman retreat
Union with Denmark
Black Death
Norman invasion
British Empire expansion
Why do new scientific words appear?
Writers invent at random
Languages decay
New knowledge needs new terms
Old words are banned
Vocabulary must shrink
What does vocabulary reflect?
Military power
Religious rules
The progress of civilization
Poetic tradition
Personal preference
What was a reason classical scholars opposed vernaculars?
Support from merchants
Desire to simplify study
Fear that learning would decline
Love of English
Lack of printing
Which period does Beowulf belong to?
Middle English
Modern English
Renaissance English
Proto-English
Old English
Which Old English dialect has the most surviving texts?
Kentish
Northumbrian
West Saxon
East Anglian
Mercian
What did the Great Vowel Shift affect?
Loss of runes
Case system
Borrowed words
Pronunciation of long vowels
Adjective endings
Which Old English feature most contributes to its unfamiliar appearance to modern readers?
The presence of many French loanwords
The use of special characters like þ, ð, and æ
The modern spelling rules
The lack of consonant clusters
The use of Arabic script
What is the official name of Britain?
The British Isles
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Great Britain
Britain
The United Kingdom
Where is the United Kingdom situated?
To the south of Europe
To the north-west of Europe
On the European mainland
Far east of Europe
In the centre of Europe
How many countries does the United Kingdom consist of?
Two
Five
Four
Three
Six
What is the national emblem of England?
The thistle
The shamrock
The daffodil
The rose
The lily
Which London museum is famous for galleries like "Human biology" and "History of the Earth"?
Victoria and Albert Museum
Science Museum
Natural History Museum
British Museum
National Gallery
What is the capital city of England?
Manchester
Birmingham
Leeds
Liverpool
London
What is the flag of England?
A white cross on a blue background
A red rose on green
Three lions on a shield
A red dragon on white
A red cross on a white background
Which Scottish mountain is the tallest in the British Isles?
Cairn Gorm
Snowdon
Ben Nevis
Scafell Pike
Helvellyn
What is the official language of Wales alongside English?
Scots
Welsh
Irish
Gaelic
Cornish
Which Northern Ireland city is the capital and largest city?
Derry
Lisburn
Belfast
Newry
Armagh
What sport was invented by the English?
Rugby
Snooker
Football
Golf
Figure-skating
Which plant is a national emblem of Wales?
Rose
Daffodil
Thistle
Leek
Shamrock
What symbol is used for Scotland?
Red dragon on green background
Rose
Thistle
Shamrock
Red cross on white background
What is the modern Welsh name for themselves?
Walh and Walha
Cymry
Brecon and Breconians
Gwynedd and Gwyneddians
Wales and Welsh
Who is Charles Dickens?
Scientist
Musician
Author
Politician
Explorer
Who was Diana, Princess of Wales?
Duchess of Edinburgh
Queen of England
Princess of Wales
Prime Minister of UK
Princess of Scotland
Who first entered Wales in 43 AD?
The Vikings
The Romans
The Normans
The Anglo-Saxons
The Celts
What type of state is Great Britain?
A presidential republic
A constitutional monarchy
A federal republic
An absolute monarchy
A socialist state
When was the Commonwealth founded?
In 1981
In 1949
In 1953
In 1997
In 1936
When did Queen Elizabeth II ascend the throne?
On 21 April 1926
In 1952
In 1947
On 2 June 1953
In 1936
Which body has real political power in the UK?
The Cabinet
The House of Lords
The House of Commons
The Monarch
The Prime Minister alone
What is the National Curriculum?
A private school curriculum
A compulsory set of subjects studied up to the age of 16
An exam taken at universities
A special program only for grammar schools
A curriculum only for independent schools
What is the GCSE?
A private school qualification
A university entrance diploma
A certificate for teachers
The General Certificate of Secondary Education
A primary school certificate
What is the purpose of A-levels?
They allow students to leave school at 14
They are required to enter primary school
They are only for private school pupils
They replace GCSE exams
They are the main standard for university entrance
Which school is world-famous as an independent public school?
Oxford College
Brighton Academy
Eton
Manchester High School
Cambridge Modern School
What did the Parliament Act 1911 do?
It created the Supreme Court
It restricted the powers of the House of Lords
It abolished the House of Lords
It allowed the monarch to veto bills freely
It gave equal powers to both Houses
How long is the maximum duration of a UK Parliament according to the modern rules?
Three years
Five years
Ten years
Seven years
Two years
What type of monarchy does the United Kingdom have?
A federal monarchy
A ceremonial empire
A constitutional monarchy
An absolute monarchy
A republican monarchy
When did King George V change the name of the royal family to “Windsor”?
In the first world war era
On 17 July 1917
When German blimps bombed London
In 1882
After Queen Victoria's reign
Where did Joanne K. Rowling live when she was a small girl?
In London
In Bristol
In Winterbourne
In Cambridge
In Westminster
When was Alan Milne born?
At the age of 24
On 17 July 1917
On 18 January 1882
In the year Harry Potter was introduced
At the age of 11
Where was William Shakespeare born?
In London
In Stratford-on-Avon
In Liverpool
In Oxford
In Manchester
Which two countries border the United States on land?
Bahamas and Canada
Canada and Russia
Mexico and Cuba
Canada and Mexico
Haiti and Mexico
What is the predominant climate regime in the United States?
Polar
Humid subtropical
Monsoon
Tundra
Mediterranean
Which city is known for having the tallest building in the USA (the former Sears Tower)?
Los Angeles
Miami
Chicago
New York City
Washington, D.C.
What type of government does the United States have?
A monarchy
A federal republic
A military dictatorship
A single-party state
A theocracy
How often are presidential elections held in the United States?
Every two years
Every four years
Every three years
Every six years
Every five years
What is the capital of the United States?
Los Angeles
Washington, D.C.
Philadelphia
New York City
Chicago
When was the Declaration of Independence proclaimed?
1789
1912
1492
1776
1861
Who took the oath of office after the assassination of President Kennedy?
Robert F. Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson
Richard Nixon
Martin Luther King Jr.
John F. Kennedy
What is the USA described as in terms of its political structure?
A monarchy
A single state
A confederation of kingdoms
A city-state
A federal union of fifty states
Which city is popularly known as the "City of Brotherly Love"?
San Jose
Philadelphia
Dallas
New York City
Los Angeles
Which city is called the "Capital of Silicon Valley"?
Philadelphia
San Francisco
San Jose
New York City
Seattle
What is New Zealand’s national emblem worn by New Zealanders representing their country in sport?
Kea
Haka
Moa
Silver fern
Kākā
What is the name of New Zealand’s national rugby team?
Kiwis
All Blacks
Silver Ferns
Tall Blacks
New Zealand Warriors
‘Kick the bucket’ is euphemistic word for________
Play
Death
Beg
Apologize
Question
The science of dictionary-compiling is called _________
Lexicology
Stylistics
Morphology
Lexicography
Lexis
_______ is a variety of a language which prevails in a district, with local peculiarities of vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar
A term
A dialect
A morpheme
A metaphor
A slang
_______ are used in everyday conversational speech both by cultivated and uneducated people of all age groups.
Slang words
Colloquial words
Professional words
Historical words
Literary words
What is American equivalent of the word ‘sweets’?
Cookies
Lollipops
Candies
Mints
Biscuits
are words which are no longer used in everyday speech, which have been ousted by their synonyms.
Neologisms
Archaisms
Antonyms
Phraseologisms
Homonyms
are word-groups that cannot be made in the process of speech they exist in the language as ready-made units.
Antonyms
Phraseologisms
Archaisms
Homonyms
Neologisms
To native words belong ____________
Some adjectives
All of them
Most of prepositions
Study of meaning
Study of word-building
What is a Semasiology?
Study of sound
Study of meaning; semantics
Study of grammatical meaning
Study of origin of language
Study of word-formation
Which branch of lexicology deals with the meaning of words and other linguistic units?
Onomasiology
word-formation
Lexical morphology
Semasiology
Morphology
Semasiological approach _____________
The process of giving instructions
Reverse of the semasiological approach; it starts from an object and consists in analyzing different words correlated with it
Considering different meanings of the word, determining interrelations between them, as well as discovering semantic relations between different words
The object which is given a name
The one who gives a name to an object
The lexical meaning is
General, unique
Individual, unique
Standard, unique
General, standard
Individual, standard
Grammatical meaning is
Individual, unique
General, unique
Standard, unique
General, standard.
Individual, standard
The part-of-speech meaning is_________.
A new word from a syllable of the original word
None is correct
Classification of lexical items into major word-classes and minor word classes.
All answers are correct.
The one who gives a name to an object
What are the three constituent parts (subsystems) of a language system?
The phonological system, the lexical system and the vocabulary system
The morphological and syntactical system, the lexical system and the grammatical system
The phonological system, the phonetical system and the grammatical system
Only phonological system
The phonological system, the lexical system and the grammatical system
The phonological system –
Isn’t the whole set of naming means of language...
Determines the material (phonetically) appearance of its significative (i.e., meaningless) units.
Is the whole set of naming means of language, that is, the vocabulary of words and stable word groups.
Determines the material (phonetically) appearance of its significative (i.e., meaningful) units.
Is the whole set of regularities, i.e., the set of rules (laws) determining the formation of utterances...
The lexical system_________________
isn’t the whole set of naming means of language...
is the whole set of naming means of language, that is, the vocabulary of words and stable word groups.
isn’t the whole set of regularities...
is the whole set of regularities...
determines the material (phonetically) appearance...
The grammatical system____________
is studied by lexicology
is studied by phonology
is the whole set of regularities, i.e., the set of rules (laws) determining the formation of utterances...
is studied by all linguistic discipline.
is studied by lexicography
Linguistic unit can enter into relations of two different kinds. The are____________
predicative and attributive
semantic and functional
formal and informal
Paragmatical and Syntagmatical
semantic, formal and functional
Two or more words identical in sound-form but different in meaning,
phraseologisms
synonyms
antonyms
homonyms
paroxysm
There are three aspects of homonyms
grammatical, lexical, graphic
semantic, lexical, lexico-grammatical
sound-form, graphic-form and meaning
lexical, lexico-grammatical, grammatical
graphic-form and meaning
Homonyms are
words identical in meaning but different in sound-form
words different in meaning but identical in sound-form
words identical both in spelling and in sound-form but different in meaning
words different in sound.
words identical both in meaning and in spelling
Homophones _______
words identical in spelling but different in sound-form
are same spelling, different pronunciation and different meanings.
words identical both in meaning and in spelling
words identical in sound-form but different in spelling
lexical, lexico-grammatical, graphic
Homographs are________
words identical both in spelling and in sound-form but different in meaning
All answers are correct.
words sound alike
None is correct
words identical in spelling but different in sound-form.
Homonyms________
jeans-genes, know-now, but-bat
lead-lead; write-read; bow-bow
spring-summer; steel-steal; sun-moon
flat-flat; light-light; spring-spring;
perform-reform; right-wright; day-night
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics which deals with _____
the outer sound form of the word
only grammatical structure
various means of expressing grammatical relations
the study of the nature, functions and structure of stylistic devices
lexical units and the vocabulary of a language
The term lexicology comes from
a Latin word
a German word
a Greek word
a French word
an English word
The object of lexicology is _________
phonemes
methods of lexical units’ investigation
morphological structure
lexical units
phonetical units
LEXIS means_______
units
phrase
study
vocabulary
learning
What is special Lexicology?
the study of grammar structure
the structural and semantic entity of language units within the language system
It is the lexicology of a particular language
the study of vocabulary at a certain time of its development
It is the lexicology of any language
The word has _____________
phonological and semantic aspects
phonological
only semantic aspects
phonological and syntactic aspects
phonological, semantic, syntactic aspects
By external structure of the word we mean ___________
Paragmatical approach
its meaning
phonological structure
Syntagmatical approach
its morphological structure
Internal structure of the word is
its morphological structure
phonological structure
its sound-form
a grammar form
its semantic structure
Which branch of lexicology deals with meaning of words and other linguistic units?
Phonology
Onomasiology
Lexical Morphology
Semasiology
Stylistics
Choose the antonym the words "to lose".
to leave
to explain
to win
to complete
to play
Choose the definition to the word "strange"
something awful
not known before; unfamiliar
a very interesting fact
something very amusing and funny
a very important thing
Choose the antonym the word "noise"
sail
talk
silence
wait
cheer
Choose the word with the meaning "послевоенный"
prewar
postwar
underwar
rewar
diswar
Choose the antonym the word "allow"
burn
replay
forbid
forget
rub
Lexicology is ____________
the study of sounds
the study of relations between the word and its referent
the study of words
the study of mental processes and language
the study of origin of language and words
The fact that words are composed of component morphemes, which are permanently linked together, reflects_________.
the semantic unity of the word
the formal unity of the word
internal structure of the word
external structure of the word
grammar structure
Lexicology deals with ________
grammatical meaning
properties of words
phraseologisms
morphemes
phonetic form
What’s the other way of naming the descriptive lexicology?
phonology
morphology
etymology
synchronic lexicology
semasiology
The system formed by the sum of all the words and word equivalents is called:
thematic group
phraseological units
vocabulary
grammar
semantic grouping
How is the study of words and vocabulary irrespective of the specific features of any particular language is called?
historical lexicology
general lexicology
diachronic lexicology
synchronic lexicology
etymology
Which branch of linguistics deals with the origin and history of words?
phonology
etymology
morphology
semasiology
lexicography
How do we call the historical lexicology in other words?
etymology
diachronic lexicology
philological study
synchronic lexicology
morphology
I heard of a new company today with which we should co-operate and____ business with.
create
do
have
make
none
Shortly after he was dismissed from the firm he decided to ______ himself up in his own business.
put
hold
set
place
none
We really can't delay any more with our plans and must _______ down to business as soon as possible.
cut
set
get
find
none
When the bomb went off, most of the injured were just ordinary people going______ their business.
along
about
none
through
across
I've warned you before that you shouldn't get involved in this matter and you have _____ business discussing it.
not
some
little
make
no
That's really not my concern at all and I'm certainly not___ the business of telling others what to do.
make
by
out
of
in
She was very enthusiastic about her new job and was making rapid progress_______ nobody's business.
as
like
with
similar
none
He was very keen that we kept in touch and for that reason he handed me his business_______
ticket
none
card
paper
notice
The whole site has nothing but offices and administration centres and that's why we call it a business ______
place
park
situation
none
field
The __________ line was shut down for two hours as a result of damaged machinery.
delivery
production
cancel
market
control
Information on __________ prices is available to brokers throughout the world.
share
make
trading
delivery
market
I am going to __________ my trip to New York. The situation changed completely.
deny
cancel
respond
refuse
do
The recent boom in consumer spending resulted in sales __________ .
do
improvement
growth
make
recession
Hewlett Packard is known as one of the most reputable __________ in the electronic and computer industry.
buyers
make
no
suppliers
customers
What is the secret of their fantastic commercial __________ ?
no
invoice
success
market
production
A movement of money into or out of an account is called __________ .
option
transaction
do
make
invoice
We decided to __________ the new model at the trade fair in autumn.
produce
launch
market
manufacture
no
Our company is ready to sponsor the city football team if they wear our __________ on their shirts.
slogan
banner
brand
logo
no
The 1929 __________ market crash led to the great depression in many countries.
market
share
stock
stake
store
The CEO decided to ______ the outdated policy and introduce a new compliance framework.
stop
remove
phase out
change
cancel
Our marketing team needs to ______ creative solutions for the upcoming campaign.
think of
come up with
develop
imagine
invent
We must ______ the contract details before signing to avoid misunderstandings.
settle
iron out
repair
fix
solve
The project was temporarily ______ due to a lack of funding.
paused
frozen
put on ice
stopped
delayed
The company plans to ______ into emerging Asian markets next year.
expand
break into
move
enter
penetrate
The management team decided to ______ costs by cutting unnecessary expenditures.
limit
reduce
cut back on
lower
lessen
Our startup managed to ______ a niche market with its innovative product.
get
tap into
enter
access
reach
The CFO warned that any unforeseen expenses could ______ the budget.
break
throw off
ruin
disturb
disrupt
The HR department is developing a ______ for senior leadership roles.
career roadmap
replacement schedule
future plan
promotion plan
succession plan
We need to ______ the quarterly report for errors before presenting it to the board.
check
read
go over
inspect
review
Investors are eager to ______ the company if it maintains strong growth.
get
purchase
buy out
invest in
acquire
The new regulations will ______ stricter reporting requirements for listed companies.
increase
add
strengthen
enforce
tighten up
The team must ______ all pending tasks before the end of the week.
check
complete
follow up on
finish
review
The company had to ______ bad debts that could not be recovered.
cancel
erase
write off
delete
forget
The board agreed to ______ the proposal until further analysis was completed.
wait
postpone
pause
table
delay
The management promised to ______ employee complaints promptly.
check
follow up on
listen
resolve
investigate
The project team must ______ the objectives before proceeding to the next phase.
comply with
respect
adhere to
stick to
follow
The scandal ______ the company’s reputation in the media.
damaged
tarnished
weakened
spoiled
broke
The manager encouraged the staff to ______ in problem solving sessions.
consider
brainstorm
analyze
discuss
think
The company decided to ______ from non-profitable business units.
remove
withdraw
sell
dispose
divest
The CEO promised that the company would ______ fraudulent activities.
reduce
clamp down on
stop
limit
control
The project manager must ______ the project to ensure timely completion.
manage
see through
supervise
lead
oversee
The company plans to ______ a new line of eco-friendly products next quarter.
release
make
roll out
introduce
launch
To improve efficiency, the company decided to ______ the production process.
enhance
streamline
fix
simplify
organize
The new product ______ last month and received positive customer feedback.
was launched
hit the market
came out
appeared
entered the market
The company’s innovative solutions helped it ______ of the curve in the tech industry.
lead
stay ahead
outperform
be top
win
The financial analyst presented a ______ of projected cash flows for the next fiscal year.
summary
list
breakdown
report
overview
The vocal cords and the glottis constitute:
Power mechanism
Vibrator mechanism
Obstructor mechanism
Resonator mechanism
They don’t constitute any mechanisms
Which tendency that determines the place and the different degree of word- stress, results in placing the word-stress on the initial syllable?
Recessive tendency
Retentive tendency
Rhythmic tendency
Communicative
Semantic factor
Phonetic is an independent branch of:
Logic
Grammar
Linguistics
Stylistics
Lexicology
A syllable which begins in vowel sound is called:
Closed
Open
Covered
Fixed
Uncovered
Allophones are:
Phonemes themselves
Variants of phonemes
Any sounds
Non-distinctive sounds
Morphemes
The terminal tone is:
The unstressed words with the last stressed word
The first stressed word
The last stressed word
All unstressed words in an intonation-group
The unstressed word preceding the first stressed word
What obstructor mechanism responsible for?
For the production of all the sounds
For the production of consonants
For the production of nasal sounds
For the production of vowels
For the production of sonorants only
What functions does Intonation perform?
Rhythmical and accentual
Identificatory, rhythmic and fixed
Constitutive, recessive, retentive
Constitute, distinctive and recognitive
Segmental and supra-segmental
The first stressed word in an intonation group is:
The nucleus
The head
The tail
The scale
The pre-head
What type of word-stress does the English accentual structure belong to?
Qualitative only
Dynamic
Quantitative, qualitative and dynamic
Musical
Quantitative
What organs of speech belong to the vibrator mechanism?
The nasal cavity
The vocal cords and the glottis
The teeth
The alveoli
The lungs, the windpipe, the glottis, the pharynx
Assimilated sound is:
The consonant sound at the end of the word
When the articulation of a sound is modified under the influence of the neighboring sound
Any sound in the open syllable
The result of two neighboring vowels
The sound written in transcription
In the case when the assimilated consonant is influenced by the preceding consonant we have:
Double assimilation
Progressive assimilation
Complete assimilation
Incomplete
Regressive assimilation
Which theory of syllable is based on L.V. Shcerba’s statement?
Theory of relativity
Sonority theory
Are of loudness theory
Muscular tension theory
Expiratory theory
What branch of phonetics studies the functional aspect of speech sounds?
Comparative phonetics
Acoustic phonetic
Phonology
Physiological phonetics
General phonetics
What branch of phonetics studies the articulatory and auditory aspect of speech sounds?
General phonetics
Physiological phonetics
Comparative phonetics
Phonology
Acoustic phonetics
The stress which serves to make especially prominent certain parts of the utterance called:
Syntactic
Emphatic
Hesitation
Logical
Syntagmatic
Modification of consonants under the influence of vowels is called:
Elision
Assimilation
Loss of plosion
Accommodation
Lateral plosion
Speech is impossible without the following mechanisms:
Only the obstructor mechanisms
The resonator and the obstructor mechanisms
Careless speech is possible without all these mechanisms
The power and the vibrator mechanisms
Speech is impossible without all these mechanisms
Where does the stress fall in the words “psychology, biologist”:
On the last syllable
On the 1-st syllable
On the 2-d syllable
On the 3-d syllable from the end
They are unstressed words
What is the oldest and the most developed branch of phonetics?
Comparative phonetics
Physiological phonetics
Phonology
General phonetics
Acoustic phonetics
What intonational function manifests itself in the fact than each syllable in the sentence has a certain pitch and can’t exist without it?
Recognitive function
Distinctive function
All of them
Principal function
Constitutive function
What is the unit of Phonetics?
A phoneme
An allophone
A distinctive speech sound
Minimal pairs
A speech sound
English, Russian, German languages are traditionally considered to belong to:
Dynamic, qualitative, quantitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Musical
Dynamic
Correlative in the time of stressed and unstressed syllable in intonation group is:
Tempo
Pause
Rhythm
Melody
Timber
What do we call syllable in writing?
Morphemes
Syllabophones
Suffixes
Syllabographs
Phonemes
Three degree of word stress are suggested by:
Baudouin de Courteney
British physiologists
L.V. Shcherba
British and Russian linguists
American linguists
Modification of consonants under the influence of a consonant is called:
Elision
Assimilation
Loss of plosion
Accommodation
Adaptation
What is the oldest theory of syllable formation and syllable division?
Muscular tension theory
The “are of loudness” theory
Sonority theory
Expiratory theory
musical
What is the unit of Phonology?
A morpheme
A sound
Syllable
Word
A phoneme
What resonator mechanism is responsible for the articulation of vowels?
Nasal resonator and the vocal cords
Oral resonator
Resonator mechanisms are not responsible for it
Nasal resonator
Oral together with nasal resonator
What is Received Pronunciation?
Standard American
All types of pronunciation in G.B.
Standard English
English, spoken in the USA
English, spoken by foreign learners of the language
A special prominence given to one more syllable in a word is:
The rhythm
The stress
The pause
The melody
The tempo
What is a syllable?
Segmental structure of the word
Shortest speech continuum
The shortest segment of speech sounds
Morphemic structure of the word
One of the speech sounds
Phonetics studies:
Words and their relations in the sentence
Sounds and their various aspects and functions
Morphological structure of sentences
Parts of speech
Words and their semantic structure
What is the definition of assimilation?
The result of obstruction
The influence of neighboring consonants to each other
The result of softness of consonants
The result of adaptation of one vowel to another
The result of length
Which phrase demonstrates flapping of /t/ in General American pronunciation?
“tight” → /taɪt/
“better” → /ˈbɛɾәr/
“tall man” → /tɔːl mæn/
“take it” → /teɪk ɪt/
“want to” → /wɒnt tuː/
In which example is the vowel completely reduced to /ә/?
“support” → /sәˈpɔːt/
“adapt” → /әˈdæpt/
“ago” → /әˈɡәʊ/
“about” → /әˈbaʊt/
“arrive” → /әˈraɪv/
Which sentence contains intonation break before the subordinate clause?
“Tell me what you need.”
“I think | he’ll come later.”
“He said that he was tired.”
“I don’t know when he left.”
“This is the man who helped me.”
Which example shows palatalization of the final consonant?
“five years” → /faɪv jɪәz/
“bad cat” → /bæd kæt/
“love you” → /lʌv juː/
“did you” → /dɪdʒu/
“take care” → /teɪk keә/
In which phrase is /h/ most likely to be elided in rapid connected speech?
“help her” → /help hɜː/
“Happy hour” → /ˈhæpi aʊә/
“hold on” → /hәʊld ɒn/
“Tell him” → /tel ɪm/
“How is it?” → /haʊ ɪz ɪt/
Which phrase shows devoicing of a voiced consonant at the end of a word?
“big one” → /bɪɡ wʌn/
“move on” → /muːv ɒn/
“cab owner” → /kæb әʊnә/
“dog” → /dɒk/
“leave it” → /liːv ɪt/
Which of these stress patterns is correct for a phonologically conditioned shift?
“fourteen pages” → /fɔːˈtiːn peɪdʒiz/
“sixteen hours” → /sɪksˈtiːn aʊәz/
“thirteen men” → /ˌθɜːˈtiːn men/
“fifteen girls” → /fɪfˈtiːn ɡɜːlz/
“thirteen books” → /θɜːˈtiːn bʊks/
Which of the following uses a fall-rise tone?
“Sit down.”
“What is your name?”
“Take this.”
“Where are you?”
“I liked it…” (implying “but…”)
Which variant shows dark L?
“lamp” → /læmp/
“lake” → /leɪk/
“light” → /laɪt/
“loud” → /laʊd/
“full” → /fʊɫ/
Which example demonstrates linking V-V (vowel-to-vowel linking)?
“five o’clock”
“go away” → /ɡәʊ‿әˈweɪ/
“two people”
“see those”
“take off”
Choose the right form: If only he … the truth earlier, none of this would have happened.
knew
had known
knows
had known
would know
Choose the right variant of the Reported Speech: "The girl asked her friend..."
The girl asked her friend to help her with the exercise
The girl told her friend to help her with the exercise
The girl asked her friend helping her with the exercise
The girl asked her friend help her with the exercise
The girl asked her friend to helping her with the exercise
Fill in the blank: My sister is as … as my brother.
more tall
tallest
tall
taller
most tall
Finish the question: Susan has got to mark this test later, ...?
has she
doesn't she
isn't she
hasn't she
does she
Change the underlined word: He can speak English very well.
must
has to
is able to
ought
would
Choose the right order of the words:
What the teacher she didn’t understand meant.
She didn’t understand the teacher what meant.
She didn’t understand what the teacher meant.
The teacher didn’t understand what she meant.
What meant the teacher she didn’t understand.
Put the sentence into Passive Voice (Future): The project...
will have finished next week
is finished next week
They will be finished the project next week
has been finished next week
will be finished next week
Finish the sentence: Don't work too hard! Take care of...!
your
yourself
me
you
myself
Match the sentence with the time: I have been working on this project …
last week
since last Monday
tomorrow
in 2010
yesterday
Choose the right form: If he … harder, he would have passed the exam.
studied
has studied
studies
was studying
had studied
Choose the right form: We asked if he ... to join us.
has wanted
wants
will want
is wanting
wanted
Say it in Passive Voice: Nobody lived in that old house.
Nobody was lived in that old house.
That old house lived nobody in.
In that old house was not lived.
That old house was not lived in.
In that old house nobody lived in.
Fill in the blank: This house is ... of all the houses in the street.
the most new
the newest
newer
as new as
new
Finish the question: Helen didn't say that, ...?
didn't she
said she
did Helen
didn't Helen
did she
Make the right choice: He has left ... Astana ... Moscow: his family is already in Russia.
-/for
from / to
for/-
from / for
-/to
Fill the articles in: On ... Sunday our family went to ... country ... last week.
a/-/a
the/a/-
-/the/-
-/-/the
a/the/-
Choose the right variant of the Reported Speech: "Are you fond of going to the theatre?" asked my friend.
My friend asked if you are fond of going to the theatre.
My friend asked if I had been fond of going to the theatre.
My friend asked if I would be fond of going to the theatre.
My friend asked if I am fond of going to the theatre.
My friend asked if I was fond of going to the theatre.
Match the sentence with the time: I had been doing my homework ...
at 3 o'clock yesterday
for 3 hours yesterday
for 3 hours at 5 o'clock yesterday
already at 5 o'clock yesterday
by 3 o'clock yesterday
Make the right choice: John ... not tell us the rules of the game: we know them.
must
have to
should
need
does
Fill in the blank: Kate is ... her brother.
the most lazy
as lazier as
lazier
the laziest
as lazy as
Make the right choice: The translation of this article ... by next Tuesday.
will be finished
will finish
will have finished
will have been finished
will be finishing
Choose the right form: The train ... when they got to the station.
has already left
will already leave
is leaving
was left
had already left
Fill the prepositions in: France is ... the south-west ... Europe.
in, of
to, of
-, of
on, of
in, to
Choose the correct variant (conditionals): He is not ill: if he (to be) ill, he (not to play) tennis so much.
He is not ill: if he is ill, he will not play tennis so much.
He is not ill: if he had been ill, he would not have played tennis so much.
He is not ill: if he will be ill, he is not play tennis so much.
He is not ill: if he were ill, he would not play tennis so much.
He is not ill: if he are ill, he will not play tennis so much.
Fill the articles in: We go to ... school in ... morning.
the / -
a / the
- / the
the / the
a/-
Choose the variant that can't be used in the sentences. You ________ many questions.
haven’t been asked
won't be asked
didn't be asked
weren't asked
aren’t asked
Make the right choice: Paul's hands are dirty. He ... the car for two hours already.
has repaired
is repairing
repairs
has been repairing
repaired
Choose the correct variant (conditionals): I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night.
I wish I do not drink so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night.
I wish I am not drink so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night.
I wish I would not drink so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night.
I wish I had not drunk so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night.
I wish I were not drink so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night.
Choose the right order of words:
We went very quickly to school that morning.
Very quickly we went to school that morning.
We went to school very quickly that morning.
We went that morning very quickly to school.
That morning we went to very quickly school.
Fill in the blank: That building ... than that one.
the most high
more high
as high as
higher
the highest
Choose the correct variant (conditionals): How slippery it is! If it (not to rain), it (not to be) slippery.
How slippery it is! If it had not rained, it would not be slippery.
How slippery it is! If it will not rain, it had not been slippery.
How slippery it is! If it did not rain, it would not be slippery.
How slippery it is! If it were not rain, it will not be slippery.
How slippery it is! If it had not rained, it would not been slippery.
Make the right choice: He was told that a married couple ... in the house for the last 3 years.
would live
had lived
were living
had been living
will live
Choose the right order of words:
She was not playing the piano when her mother came.
The piano she was not playing when her mother came.
She not was playing the piano when her mother came.
She was playing the piano when her mother not came.
She was not playing the piano when came her mother.
Make the right choice: He's got a lung problem and he ... go to hospital every two weeks.
can
must
should
has to
may
Choose the correct form (wish / regret, past perfect): I wish I … that exam last week; it was much harder than I expected.
passed
have passed
were passing
had passed
would pass
Choose the correct conditional (third conditional): If she … earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the train.
left
has left
was leaving
had left
would leave
Passive voice with modals: The instructions … read carefully before starting the experiment.
should be
must
have to
should
must be
Choose the correct comparative / superlative construction: This solution is far … than the one we discussed yesterday.
the most effective
as effective as
effectiver
most effective
more effective
Choose the correct time expression to complete the sentence: I will have finished my report …
tonight
by Monday
lately
one of those days
till 3 yesterday
Fill in the blank: Lucy is ... her brother.
the laziest
as lazy as
lazier
the most lazy
as lazier as
Make the right choice of the possessive case:
mine mother dress
my mother's dress's
my mothers' dress
my mother's dresses
mine mother dresses
Make the right choice: Paul ... not tell us the rules of the game: we know them.
should
must
have to
need
does
Choose the correct form (perfect infinitive / gerund): She seems … the instructions carefully before starting.
to read
to have read
read
have read
having read
Choose the correct tense (Future in the Past): He promised that he … the report by Friday.
had finished
would finish
finished
finishes
will finish
Correct use of participles / reduced clauses: … by the sudden noise, everyone in the office jumped.
Startling
Having startled
Being startled
Startled
Being startling
Choose the correct modal for past deduction: He … have left already; his car isn’t in the parking lot.
might have
must
should
must have
might
