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Worksheetssinh
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Which tiny parts make up DNA?
Stars and clouds
Rings and ropes
Sugars and bases
Sand and water
DNA is found inside which place in a cell?
The nucleus area
The foot area
The lunch area
The outside wall
A gene tells the cell how to make what?
A rain cloud
A toy car
A protein piece
A shoe lace
What letters match together in DNA?
C with D
A with B
E with F
A with T
DNA looks most like which shape?
A twisted ladder
A square box
A tall tree
A flat circle
What does RNA help the cell do?
Make pencils
Make proteins
Make paint
Make pillows
The cell uses a code of three letters to choose what?
An amino acid
A school bus
A sunny day
A red balloon
During copying, DNA makes how many new strands?
One new strand
Three new strands
Two new strands
Four new strands
Which base pairs with G in DNA?
C pairs with G
T pairs with G
U pairs with G
A pairs with G
Proteins help our bodies do what?
Sing and dance
Build and work
Freeze and melt
Drive and fly
What holds the two DNA strands together?
Glue drops
Metal clips
Rubber bands
Hydrogen bonds
What is a codon made of?
Three math signs
Three tiny stars
Three RNA letters
Three color dots
Where does mRNA go to help make proteins?
The library
The mailbox
The playground
The ribosome place
What does tRNA carry to the ribosome?
Toy blocks
Amino acids
Paper notes
Rain water
DNA replication means DNA is being what?
Copied again
Painted blue
Hidden under
Thrown away
What is the job of a gene?
Give instructions
Catch fish
Make noises
Hold pencils
Which letter base is only in RNA, not DNA?
U letter base
T letter base
B letter base
L letter base
A DNA strand is built from small parts called what?
Nucleotides
Necklaces
Neighborhoods
Needles
Matching base pairs help DNA do what?
Copy safely
Sleep quietly
Color nicely
Shine brightly
The genetic code helps the cell make what?
Pictures quickly
Puzzles slowly
Pillows softly
Proteins correctly
Which part carries the message from DNA to make proteins?
Ribosome carries the protein message
tRNA carries the protein message
Gene carries the protein message
mRNA carries the protein message
What does a gene help make in our bodies?
It helps make bones
It helps make proteins
It helps make water
It helps make sugars
DNA is made of tiny letters called bases. How many bases make one codon?
One base makes a codon
Two bases make a codon
Three bases make a codon
Four bases make a codon
Replication means DNA makes a copy. What new part forms during copying?
A new ribosome
A new amino acid
A new gene code
A new DNA strand
Which place builds proteins using the mRNA message?
Cell wall builds proteins
Nucleus builds proteins
Ribosome builds proteins
Mitochondria builds proteins
Which RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?
DNA brings amino acids
tRNA brings amino acids
mRNA brings amino acids
rRNA brings amino acids
A codon tells the cell which amino acid to add. What reads the codon?
Protein reads the codon
tRNA reads the codon
Membrane reads the codon
Gene reads the codon
If mRNA uses letters A, U, C, how many different codons can be made with three letters?
Nine codons possible
Twenty-seven codons possible
Six codons possible
Three codons possible
During copying, bases pair up. Which base pairs with A in RNA?
A pairs with G
A pairs with C
A pairs with U
A pairs with T
Choose the best order: DNA makes mRNA, then mRNA helps make protein. What is this called?
Replication then transcription
Translation then transcription
Transcription then translation
Replication then translation
What is the goal of DNA extraction in a simple lab?
To make cells bigger and stronger
To hide DNA inside the nucleus
To take DNA out of cells
To turn DNA into colorful gel
Which liquid helps DNA clump together so we can see it?
Cold ethanol alcohol
Salted sugar syrup
Warm water bath
Fresh coconut juice
During DNA extraction, why do we break the cell membrane?
To keep DNA locked inside
To make cells dance around
To color the DNA bright
To release the DNA gently
Which step comes first when extracting DNA from fruit?
Mash the sample softly
Pull out the white strands
Add cold alcohol slowly
Pour away extra liquid
What does detergent do in DNA extraction?
It breaks oily membranes
It freezes the DNA fast
It glues proteins together
It makes alcohol disappear
Histone proteins hold DNA tightly. What helps separate them?
Using salt solution
Stirring with a metal spoon
Adding more fruit mash
Shining bright light
Which part of the Lac operon is the promoter labeled P?
Place where DNA is broken
Place where RNA polymerase binds
Place where lactose is stored
Place where ribosomes attach
What does lactose do in the Lac operon?
Binds repressor to stop blocking
Destroys the operator region
Creates new structural genes
Turns DNA into RNA directly
Which set lists Lac operon structural genes?
lacZ lacY lacA
lacI lacP lacO
lacI lacZ lacP
lacO lacI lacA
Short answer: Name the regulatory gene that makes the repressor in the Lac operon.
lacI
lacZ
lacA
lacY
If the repressor is active and bound to O, what happens to gene expression?
Translation speeds up
DNA replication starts
Proteins break lactose
Transcription is blocked
Which diagram label shows the operator O in a simple Lac operon map?
Inside lacY region
Before P always
After lacA only
Between P and lacZ
Which component helps cells take lactose inside?
Permease from lacY
Polymerase from P
Transacetylase from lacA
Repressor from lacI
Which is a main use of the human genome project?
End every infectious disease forever
Stop all natural changes in people
Find and treat hereditary diseases better
Remove genetic traits by blood changes
Thanks to the human genome project, what can scientists do?
Prevent every infectious disease completely
Predict some inherited diseases in individuals
Change all body parts using nano tools
Make people never sleep at night
A DNA lab-on-a-chip helps show gene expression at different stages. This helps mainly in which field?
Molecular cooking
Physics and astronomy
Medicine and health care
Ancient history
Sequencing all DNA parts in cells helps learn what?
Every cell type looks the same
Only shapes of nucleotides
Positions of nucleotides within genes
Space and function outside DNA
Two simple diagrams show two cells with different genetic information. Which is true?
Both 1 and 2 are circular DNA
Both 1 and 2 are single strands
Structure 1 has fewer genes than 2
Structure 1 is RNA, 2 makes DNA
Which statement is NOT correct about genome sequencing uses?
It helps law and identity checks
It makes insect-killer drugs only
It proves evolution and new species links
It finds gene mutations for better treatments
If a and b are mutant alleles, which set shows both dominant A and B?
aabb
AaBB
AABB
AAbb
A change in a nucleotide during DNA copying is called what?
Chromosome change
Point mutation
Gene mutation
Mutation event
Changes in gene structure involving one or a few nucleotides are called what?
Usual variations
Mixed mutations
Gene mutations
Chromosomal mutations
Which statement about gene mutations is NOT right?
Mutations always help every species
Some mutations can be harmful
Mutations can appear during copying
Mutations may change traits
Which project use helps in law and identification work?
Changing all genes to be perfect
Stopping bacteria from dividing
Making every medicine at home
Genome analysis for forensic checks
Biến đổi gene là những biến đổi trong cấu trúc của gene.
Sai vì làm xuất hiện các allele khác nhau trong quần thể
Sai vì chỉ thay đổi vị trí gene trên nhiễm sắc thể
Sai vì đột biến gene có thể gây hại hoặc lợi
Đúng theo định nghĩa cơ bản của đột biến
Đột biến gene làm thay đổi vị trí của gene trên nhiễm sắc thể.
Sai vì đó là hoán vị chéo
Đúng vì ảnh hưởng vùng điều hòa gene
Sai vì đó là biến đổi nhiễm sắc thể
Đúng vì liên quan tái sắp xếp nhiễm sắc thể
Phát biểu nào sau đây là đúng về thể đột biến?
Mang đột biến chỉ biểu hiện khi tổ hợp đặc biệt
Mang đột biến nhưng chưa biểu hiện ra kiểu hình
Mang đột biến đã biểu hiện ra kiểu hình
Mang đột biến nhưng không bao giờ biểu hiện
Hiện tượng nào sau đây không phải là biểu hiện của đột biến?
Một cành hoa giấy màu trắng xuất hiện trên cây hoa giấy màu đỏ
Một bé trai có ngón tay dài hơn ngón tay giữa
Lợn con mới sinh có vây ở chân
Sản lượng sữa bò thay đổi do chế độ dinh dưỡng
Một gene sau đột biến có chiều dài không đổi nhưng giảm một liên kết hydrogen. Gene này bị đột biến thuộc dạng
Thay cặp A–T bằng cặp G–C
Thêm một cặp nucleotide
Thay cặp G–C bằng cặp A–T
Mất một cặp nucleotide
Loại đột biến nào sau đây làm cho codon này biến thành codon khác và hai codon đó mã hoá cho hai amino acid khác nhau?
Đột biến sai nghĩa
Đột biến đồng nghĩa
Đột biến vô nghĩa
Đột biến dịch khung
Một đột biến gene ở vi khuẩn E. coli làm thay đổi trình tự amino acid trong một phân tử protein như bảng: Trước: Ala Pro Ala Thr Ser Glu Lys His Glu Cys; Sau: Ala Pro Ala Thr Arg Glu Lys His Glu Cys. Dựa vào sự thay đổi trong bảng, hãy xác định dạng đột biến đã xảy ra trên gene.
Thay một cặp nucleotide
Mất một cặp nucleotide
Thêm hai cặp nucleotide
Thêm một cặp nucleotide
Dạng đột biến điểm làm dịch khung đọc mã di truyền là
Thay cặp A–T thành cặp T–A
Thay cặp G–C thành cặp T–A
Mất cặp nucleotide A–T hay G–C
Thay cặp A–T thành cặp G–C
Mức độ có lợi hay có hại của đột biến gene phụ thuộc vào
Số lượng cá thể trong quần thể
Số phát sinh đột biến
Môi trường sống và tổ hợp gene
Tỉ lệ đực cái trong quần thể
Đặc điểm biểu hiện của đột biến gene tự nhiên là
Xuất hiện riêng lẻ và liên tục
Xuất hiện đồng loạt và vô hướng
Xuất hiện riêng lẻ và vô hướng
Xuất hiện đồng loạt và có định hướng
Khi nói về đột biến gene, nhận xét nào sau đây không đúng?
Xảy ra theo nhiều hướng khác nhau nên khó dự đoán
Có thể làm thay đổi thông tin di truyền
Chỉ được phát sinh trong môi trường có tác nhân gây đột biến
Có thể gây hại, lợi hoặc trung tính
Mức độ gây hại của allele đột biến phụ thuộc vào điều kiện môi trường cũng như phụ thuộc vào tổ hợp gene.
Đúng vì tương tác gene–môi trường
Sai vì chỉ do cấu trúc gene
Sai vì chỉ do liều lượng tác nhân
Sai vì không phụ thuộc môi trường
Tần số đột biến gene phụ thuộc vào cường độ, liều lượng của tác nhân gây đột biến và đặc điểm cấu trúc của gene.
Sai vì chỉ phụ thuộc môi trường sống
Sai vì chỉ phụ thuộc cấu trúc tế bào
Sai vì tần số luôn cố định
Đúng là nhận định khoa học
Tác nhân sinh học có thể gây đột biến gene là
Vi khuẩn
Virus Herpes
5–BrU
Nguyên sinh vật
Tác nhân nào sau đây không phải là tác nhân vật lí gây đột biến?
Acridine
Tia tử ngoại
Tia phóng xạ
Sốc nhiệt
Gene ban đầu có cặp nucleotide chứa G hiếm (G*) là C–G*, sau đột biến cặp này sẽ biến đổi thành cặp
C–G
T–A
G–C
A–T
Khi nói về đột biến gene, phát biểu nào sau đây đúng?
Xảy ra ở cả tế bào sinh dưỡng và sinh dục
Luôn được di truyền cho thế hệ sau
Cung cấp nguyên liệu thứ cấp cho tiến hóa
Luôn được biểu hiện thành kiểu hình
Trong kĩ thuật chuyển gene, để chuyển gene vào tế bào vi khuẩn, người ta có thể sử dụng hai loại thể truyền phổ biến là
Nhiễm sắc thể nhân tạo và virus
Nhiễm sắc thể nhân tạo và plasmid
Plasmid và virus
Plasmid và nấm men
DNA tái tổ hợp được tạo ra dựa trên nguyên lí bắt đôi bổ sung giữa các cặp nucleotide với sự tham gia của
Enzyme cắt giới hạn và enzyme DNA polymerase
Enzyme DNA polymerase và enzyme RNA polymerase
Enzyme DNA polymerase và enzyme ligase
Enzyme cắt giới hạn và enzyme ligase
Kĩ thuật được mô tả trong sơ đồ ở hình bên dưới là
Nhân bản vô tính
Thụ tinh trong ống nghiệm
Công nghệ DNA tái tổ hợp
Công nghệ tế bào
Công nghệ DNA tái tổ hợp không có ứng dụng nào sau đây?
Tạo sinh vật chuyển gene từ các bản sao gene
Tạo thuốc từ protein tái tổ hợp chữa bệnh di truyền
Đưa gene lành vào cơ thể để chữa trị bệnh
Tạo giống dâu tằm đa bội (3n) cho năng suất cao
Giống cây trồng nào sau đây đã được tạo ra nhờ thành tựu công nghệ gene?
Giống dâu tằm tam bội
Giống lúa “gạo vàng” tổng hợp β–carotene
Giống dưa hấu tam bội
Giống lúa IR22
Trường hợp nào sau đây không được xem là sinh vật đã biến đổi gene?
Cà chua chuyển gene làm chín chậm hơn
Bắp kháng sâu nhờ gene Bt
Cà chua bị bat hoặt hoặc gãy chín sớm
Vi khuẩn sản xuất insulin nhờ gene người
Which change is called a point mutation?
Mix two different genomes
Delete whole chromosome
Change one base pair only
Add many genes together
What can a point mutation affect in a protein?
Order of amino acids
Number of cells
Size of the animal
Speed of growth
Which pair are DNA bases that match together?
A pairs with G
A pairs with T
C pairs with T
G pairs with T
A gene disease can start when one base is changed. What is this called?
Cell division
Food digestion
Point mutation
Body exercise
In making proteins, which part reads codons?
Rib bones read food
mRNA reads codons
DNA reads codons
tRNA reads plants
Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome?
Water carries amino acids
DNA carries amino acids
mRNA carries amino acids
tRNA carries amino acids
Gene therapy tries to help by doing what?
Change eye color daily
Make sweeter fruit
Grow taller quickly
Fix a broken gene
What is a GMO?
A kind of weather storm
An organism with changed genes
A new planet in space
A metal machine tool
DNA mapping helps scientists do what?
Paint animal shapes
Build toy cars
Count school books
Find gene places on DNA
If a base A changes to G in DNA, it is best called what?
A cell splits twice
A big deletion change
A substitution change
A full genome mix
Which choice shows a possible result of a point mutation in hemoglobin?
One amino acid changes
All blood disappears
Hair becomes metal
Bones turn into plants
What are the two main parts of a chromosome?
DNA and neutral proteins
RNA and histone proteins
DNA and histone proteins
DNA and RNA
Which shows the levels of DNA coiling from smallest to largest?
Nucleosome, supercoil, chromatin, basic fiber
Chromatid, basic fiber, chromatin, supercoil
Nucleosome, basic fiber, supercoil, chromatin
Nucleosome, chromatid, supercoil, chromatin
In eukaryotes, which tiny fiber can be seen under an electron microscope?
10 nm fiber
30 nm fiber
300 nm fiber
700 nm fiber
Why can chromosomes protect genetic information?
Genes link weakly to histones
Chromosomes carry food for the cell
Chromosomes can coil, uncoil, and condense
Chromosomes sit inside the cell wall
Which statement about chromosomes in an animal cell is correct?
Every species has only sex chromosomes
Chromosomes never appear in pairs in diploid cells
All species have the same number of chromosomes
Chromosomes are built from DNA and histones
In a diploid cell, genes at the same place on paired chromosomes are called what?
Point, part, chromosome
Locus, allele, homologous
Point, part, homologous
Allele, locus, homologous
Look at the graph of DNA amount during the cell cycle. Which statement is not correct?
Both labeled and unlabeled nucleotides can be used to make DNA
DNA amount 2 pg at Z means late mitosis stage
Radiation level rises fast in stage X and is highest in stage Y
In stage Y, histone proteins are made most for chromosome formation
Chromosomal mutations involve changes in what?
One or more nucleotide pairs
A single trait only
Structure or number of chromosomes
A whole body part
Which can cause structural chromosome mutation?
Spindle forming blocks at mitosis end
Unequal crossing over or break-join errors
Normal DNA replication in S phase
Balanced crossing over in meiosis I
Unequal crossing over between two chromatids of paired chromosomes in meiosis can lead to what?
Deletion and inversion
Deletion and translocation
Gene recombination
Duplication
The picture shows ABCDEFGH → ABCDFEGH on the same chromosome. What mutation is this?
Duplication
Deletion
Translocation within the same chromosome
Inversion
Which pair correctly matches mutation types shown?
Deletion and duplication
Nonreciprocal translocation and inversion
Deletion and reciprocal translocation
Inversion and duplication
Which term means having extra or missing chromosomes, not complete sets?
Polyploidy in body cells
Gene dominance
Aneuploidy in body cells
Chromatid separation
Which term means having whole extra sets of chromosomes?
Gene mutation
Polyploidy in plants
Crossing over
Aneuploidy in plants
Down syndrome is most often linked to which change?
Extra centromere count
Tetraploidy in humans
Loss of whole genome
Trisomy of chromosome 21
What event can cause aneuploidy during cell division?
Chromosomal non-disjunction
Balanced recombination
Normal cytokinesis
DNA transcription
A plant with 2n = 8 shows one extra chromosome. What is this called?
Trisomy condition
Monosomy defect
Deletion event
Triploidy set
A species with 2n = 18 produces a triploid offspring. How many chromosomes are in the triploid?
18 total chromosomes
24 total chromosomes
27 total chromosomes
36 total chromosomes
In a diploid organism, losing one chromosome from a pair makes which state?
Monosomy state
Trisomy state
Tetraploidy state
Duplication state
Which change is structural, not number change?
Deletion of a segment
Trisomy of one pair
Triploidy in cells
Monosomy of one pair
Which tool helps see chromosomes to detect Down syndrome early?
Leaf color scale
Karyotype picture
Protein gel test
Blood sugar chart
Non-disjunction means chromosomes fail to do what?
Separate evenly
Replicate DNA
Form centromeres
Make ribosomes
A tetraploid has how many complete sets compared to diploid?
Three sets total
Four sets total
One set total
Two sets total
Which syndrome is linked with small stature and infertility due to sex chromosome changes?
AIDS condition
Down syndrome
Malaria illness
Turner syndrome
Which statement about Down syndrome is correct?
It is trisomy 21
It is monosomy 21
It is triploidy
It is tetraploidy
Which pair shows a structural mutation type set?
Deletion and duplication
Trisomy and monosomy
Triploidy and tetraploidy
Non-disjunction and meiosis
A plant AAaa after crossing can show which gene set in a diploid?
aa in gametes
Aa in gametes
2n-1 in gametes
AA in gametes
What does trisomy mean for a single pair?
Four chromosomes in that pair
No chromosomes in that pair
One chromosome in that pair
Three chromosomes in that pair
Which change usually lowers fertility in organisms?
Aneuploidy condition
Normal recombination
Stable gene dominance
Balanced diploidy
Which best describes polyploidy in fruits like seedless watermelons?
Crossing over stops seeds
Segment deletion improves taste
Loss of one chromosome occurs
Extra whole sets cause traits
If DNA amount rises compared to diploid, which state is likely?
Normal meiosis
Structural deletion
Aneuploidy decrease
Polyploidy increase
Which lab picture shows all chromosomes lined up by size?
Weather map
Food pyramid
Microscope slide
Karyotype chart
Which part of a chromosome helps two arms stay together?
Telomere at the end
Cell wall outside cell
Centromere in the middle
Karyotype picture book
What do scientists look at in a karyotype?
A list of plant leaves
A map of a playground
A jar of buttons
A set of all chromosomes
Which tool helps see chromosomes in a cell?
A kitchen spoon
A ruler and tape
A microscope with slides
A paintbrush and glue
When do chromosomes show best for counting?
Middle of cell division
Late at night
After watering plants
During lunchtime
Which is a mutagen that can cause changes in chromosomes?
Fresh clean water
DDT pesticide chemical
Sugar candy snacks
Soft cotton cloth
A child’s cells show 23 chromosomes instead of a bigger number. What is a simple idea to check next?
Draw a smiley face
Measure lunch boxes
Count only toes
Look for missing one pair
Which step is careful and smart when observing chromosomes?
Shake slides very fast
Close eyes while counting
Guess and skip steps
Use safe tools and plan steps
Look at the three human karyotype drawings. Which picture shows pairs of chromosomes that match in number (no extra or missing)?
Pairs mostly match, one extra pair
Pairs do not match, many singles
Pairs all match, no extra ones
Pairs have many extras and missing
Which item can change chromosomes and cause mutations?
Clean water drinking
Cold ice cream eating
Soft pillow sleeping
Strong sunlight ultraviolet
A normal human has 23 pairs of chromosomes. If one picture shows an extra chromosome, what word describes this?
Shape drawing
Color difference
Number abnormality
Size mistake
Which set best matches the idea of a human karyotype?
One single chromosome picture
A chart of plant leaves
All chromosome pairs arranged
A drawing of a cell wall
If a karyotype shows XX, who does it belong to?
A plant seed
A male person
A fish egg
A female person
Which choice shows a mutagenic agent used in labs?
Biological soap enzymes
Fresh fruit juice
Table salt crystals
Plain rain water
Which word means the traits we can see?
Allele we carry
Phenotype we see
Genotype we observe
Gene we inherit
Which word means the genes we have?
Phenotype we show
Dominance we see
Trait we display
Genotype we have
In a test cross, one parent is always which genotype?
Codominant pair
Homozygous recessive
Heterozygous trait
Homozygous dominant
Mendel said each parent gives how many alleles for one trait?
Two alleles total
Three alleles total
One allele total
Four alleles total
If tall (T) is dominant over short (t), which plant is short?
tt short plant
Tt tall plant
TT tall plant
tT tall plant
Which word means one gene controls one trait?
Gene dominance rule
One gene one trait
Allele pair mixing
Trait ratio law
Which cross shows two identical alleles?
Aa × Aa
AA × AA
AA × Aa
Aa × aa
Which idea explains how traits pass from parents to kids?
Climate changes
Mendel’s laws
Food choices
Daily habits
Which pair are two versions of the same gene?
Species and genus
Cells and tissues
Alleles of gene
Organs and bones
If red R is dominant to white r, which mix makes pink in incomplete dominance?
rr white flowers
Rr pink flowers
RR red flowers
RRR bright red
Which word means both alleles show up together?
Trait skipping
Gene suppression
Complete dominance
Codominance occurs
In a monohybrid cross of Aa × Aa, what is the trait ratio?
3 tall : 1 short
1 tall : 3 short
2 tall : 2 short
4 tall : 0 short
A dihybrid cross of AaBb × AaBb gives which trait ratio?
2:2:2:2 even
1:2:1 mix
3:1 simple
9:3:3:1 classic
Which step helps find a hidden recessive allele?
Count leaf color
Water the plant
Do a test cross
Measure stem size
If parents are both blood type AB, which child type is possible?
Type RR blood
Type AB blood
Type O blood
Type hh blood
Which word means same alleles together?
Homozygous pair
Gene interaction
Heterozygous pair
Mixed dominance
Which word means different alleles together?
Heterozygous pair
Trait codominant
Gene linkage
Homozygous pair
