As overall fertility levels have dropped, childbearing has increasingly shifted to later ages

The arrival of a child is less disruptive when the parents get along well and have a strong commitment to parenting.

More boys than girls are adopted.

Parents with only one child report that they can enjoy parenthood without being overwhelmed and tied down.

Those who adopt unrelated children __________.

The text offers several explanations for the drop in overall fertility levels. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

Less-effective forms of birth control are most likely to be used by __________ women.

The number of births to unmarried women has declined recently, probably because of __________.

Because some of America's values, laws, employment policies, and culture are slanted against parents and their children, some scholars have warned that our society is characterized by __________.

Regarding international adoption, in 2000, most children were adopted from __________.

When parents are interviewed, they report a variety of emotional satisfactions from having children. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

From a review of the literature about couples who decided not to have children, which of the following is NOT one of the motives for childlessness?

A surrogate birth can cost future parents between __________.

Children who have experienced disrupted or dissolved adoption events may suffer from what is called __________ disorder.

About __________ of all women who have had an abortion have had a previous abortion.

The abortion ratio is highest among Black and __________ women.

Studies comparing marriages with and without children consistently report marital happiness to be higher in __________.

The increase in childbearing among older single women is largely a(n) __________ occurrence.

Which of the following concepts indicates the condition of wanting to conceive and bear a child but being physically unable to do so?

In American society, having children is taken for granted, whereas not having children seems to need a justification. This reflects a __________.

The Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994 and the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997__________.

In 2013, the average cost of raising a child to age 18 is estimated at __________ for middle-income families.

Today, __________ percent of adopted children are of a different race than one or both of their parents.

Male infertility accounts for fertility difficulties in approximately __________ of couples seeking infertility treatment.

Today, __________ child(ren) constitute(s) Americans' ideal family size.

Significant changes have taken place in American childbearing patterns in the decades since World War II. Which is NOT one of these changes discussed by the text?

Approximately __________ percent of abortions are obtained by unmarried women.

About __________ of Artificial Reproductive Technology procedures result in a live birth.

The American Psychological Association has taken the position that __________.

Mothers typically engage in more hands-on parenting and take primary responsibility for children.

Hispanic parents have been described as less authoritarian than white parents.

Children younger than 18 make up about one-quarter of the homeless.

The traditional image of motherhood disappears when Mom is employed.

Hyperparenting is being an incredibly positive and almost perfect role model for your child.

Upper-class, highly educated parents are more likely to emphasize concerted cultivation, which is__________.

The text points out that children today face demands for achievement from schools, church, recreational organizations, peers and, of course, parents. This "scheduled hyperactivity" can produce a "__________ child," who is forced to assume too many challenges and responsibilities too soon.

Most families of color engage in __________, developing children's pride in their cultural heritage while preparing them for the possibility of discrimination.

Research by Straus and his colleagues show that children who have been frequently spanked by their parents, are__________.

The text points out that parenting is probably more satisfying for parents and effective for children when both parents use which parenting style?

Which of the following is NOT identified in the text as among the features of the social context of child rearing that can make modern parenting difficult?

Compared to married mothers, single mothers are more likely to be__________.

Same-sex parents tend to__________.

Which of the following is NOT one of the "facts" discussed in the text concerning fathers as primary parents?

Biological or, much less often, adoptive fathers who do not live with their children are__________.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to spank their children?

Out-of-home placement with biological relatives of children who are in the custody of the state is __________.

Although about 15–20 percent of mothers are uncoupled single mothers, slightly more than__________percent of fathers are single fathers.

The __________ parent's style is indulgent and often leads to the classic "spoiled child."

The __________ parent's attitude is "I am in charge and set/enforce the rules, no matter what."

The vast majority of single mothers__________.

Lower-income parents are less likely to live in neighborhoods that value__________.

Some Muslim children who wear headscarves, called __________, may be subject to ridicule and discrimination.

The new image of a "good" father in today's society says that fathers __________.

In the United States, the mother is expected to be the child's primary __________ parent, assuming the major emotional responsibility for the safety and upbringing of her children.

The goal of __________ is to provide planned, time-limited, substitute care for children who cannot be adequately cared for at home.

The home lives of undocumented parents are often characterized by__________.

Working-class parents tend to use which model of parenting?

According to the text, spanking refers to__________.

According to the text, parents today face questions that would not have been imagined several decades ago.  Which of the following is NOT one of the questions discussed in the text?

Before mothers entered the work force in large numbers, their employment outside the home was considered problematic.

Research on racial/ethnic differences finds that the pattern of men’s spending less time than women in housework occurs in White, Black, and Hispanic families.

In recent years, men have been decreasing their share of the housework.

More than 30 percent of children age 12 to 14 whose mothers are employed fulltime are in self-care—without adult supervision—for an average of seven hours a week.

Both men and women do far more housework these days than in 1965.

The pronounced tendency for men and women to be employed in different types of jobs is termed__________.

Today, the statistical norm among married couples is the__________partnership.

Heterosexual women are more likely than men to adjust their work and home schedules to accommodate caregiving, largely because__________.

Which statement about economic resources is accurate?

A few companies today hope to lessen __________ by eliminating salary negotiations.

In 2019, highly educated women earned __________ cents for every dollar earned by men.

Parents who engage in the “overwork premium” often experience__________in which there are competing demands between career and parenting expectations.

Modern parents have increased time caring for their children AND increased their employment hours by doing all of the following EXCEPT__________.

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild writes that employed parents put in a __________of unpaid family work that leaves them stressed and drained.

Study after study shows that marital satisfaction is greater when __________.

Attitudes and behaviors in relationships became increasingly egalitarian since the 1970s. Then the trend toward egalitarian behavior slowed during the 1990s. Feminists refer to this development as a __________.

Historically, Black women have been far more likely than __________to work for wages.

Women often find that "family-friendly" occupations__________.

A 2001 survey found that approximately __________ percent of women agree that one can be a good mother and have a successful career.

The text observes that a little more than half of home-based workers are women. Besides catching up on work, the reason they give most often for working at home is__________.

Involved fathers work __________compared to childless men, on average.

Job sharing, working at home or telecommuting, compressed workweeks, and personal days are all examples of__________.

Virtually all research suggests that today's typical American family is__________.

Shift work is associated with __________.

The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act mandates up to __________of unpaid family leave for workers in companies with at least fifty employees.

The text claims the reason 22 percent of millennials say they have “no friends” could be a result of the willingness to work fifty or more hours per week, otherwise known as a(n) __________.

Men continue to dominate corporate America. In 2019, slightly less than __________ percent of CEOs in Fortune 500 companies were women.

In general, __________ men spend more time in unpaid family work than do nonHispanic white men.

Generally, lesbian couples' division of labor is __________ than that of gay male couples.

Social scientists have proposed alternative hypotheses for why women do more unpaid household labor.  Which of the following is NOT one of those hypotheses?

Sabotage is a helpful way of pointing out an area of conflict to a partner.

Families who are involved in supportive social structures are associated with less family cohesion.

All couple conflicts in the home are detrimental to children.

The text concludes that when both partners develop constructive habits, all of their problems will be solved.

The frequent use of social media has been correlated to low self-esteem.

According to psychologists Gillian Sandstrom and Elizabeth Dunn, engaging in positive social interaction with “outside others” increases one’s __________.

According to John Gottman and his colleagues, when one partner's first negative expression is reciprocated with an escalation of the negativity, this reflects __________.

The number of parents who reported feeling “addicted” to their phone increased from 27 percent in 2016 to __________ percent in 2019.

Which of the following does Twenge NOT recommend to parents helping their children “put down the phone”?

__________ involves making disapproving judgments or evaluations of one’s partner.

The emotional bonding of family members is referred to as __________.

Which of the following is the most helpful “I-statement”?

Children who report, “I am unhappy a lot,” or “I worry a lot,” are evidencing __________ behavioral problems associated with emotional or psychological problems.

Huston and Melz called both bland and tempestuous unions __________ because these two marriage types evidenced only one of two desirable attributes.

In her research on marital communication, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick has found variation among happy couples in their __________ , or ideas about the roles they should play, expectations for closeness and/or distance, and attitudes toward conflict.

According to the text, contempt, criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling, and belligerence __________.

When faced with a complaint from their partner, men tend to withdraw emotionally while women do not. This response is so common that therapists have named it the "__________ pattern."

According to psychologists Nathaniel Branden and Robert Sternberg, in order to nourish a romantically loving relationship, couples should __________.

According to John Gottman and his colleagues, anger, sadness, and whining are examples of __________.

Counselors generally advise that an important aspect of learning to disagree involves expressing anger __________. 

The text points out that couples who communicate mutual affection create a contagious __________ effect so that the household atmosphere becomes one of emotional support.

The popularization of texting and social media has led to an increase in “ghosting” intimate partners; however, experts advise the best way to end a relationship is through __________.

In the NBC News 2015 State of Kindness Poll, __________ percent of Americans surveyed agreed that technology is weakening relationships.

What false belief is detrimental to a relationship?

Research shows that distressed marital couples are distinguished by __________.

According to classification by researchers Huston and Melz, which type of marriage is high on showing signs of love and affection while low on antagonism?

Huston and Melz classified relationships into four types. Which of the following is NOT one of those relationship types?

According to classification by researchers Huston and Melz, which type of marriage is high on both affection and antagonism?

Research has shown a link between ____________ parental conflict and children’s behavior problems.

Research clearly indicates that the tactics associated with winning in a particular conflict are also those associated with __________.

A traditional divorce is less expensive and time consuming than a collaborative divorce.

More than half of all divorces involve children younger than 18.

The life stress perspective assumes that divorce is a single event, rather than a process of associated events.

Long marriages are more likely to end in divorce because marital happiness declines over time.

According to professionals, a collaborative divorce is best as it is focused on mutual respect and family preservation.

Over the past decade, there has been a __________ in fathers who have joint physical custody.

The ___________ perspective holds that conflict between parents is responsible for the lowered well-being of children of divorce.

For the most part, the divorce rate__________.

Most research supports the hypothesis that__________.

Children in high-conflict marriages__________.

There are__________ social, moral, and legal constraints on divorce than in the past.

The text points out that children, fear of losing the child, religion, and a lack of financial resources are sometimes perceived by spouses as __________ divorce.

No-fault divorce is sometimes referred to as __________divorce because one partner can secure the divorce even if the other wants to continue the marriage.

The crude divorce rate is__________

Divorces occur relatively early in marriage. A large percentage end in about __________.

Children of divorce also are more likely to have been __________, meaning they were forced to take on adult responsibilities before they were developmentally mature enough to handle them.

The good divorce does not end a family but instead produces a __________—two households, one family.

Between 1960 and a peak in 1980, the refined divorce rate__________.

In Ahrons' postdivorce relationship typology, __________ were friends who called each other often and brought their common children and new family ties together on holidays or for outings or other activities.

On average, in comparison with their counterparts from stable households, adult children of divorced parents__________.

A "team" approach to raising children after divorce is __________.

Marriage was originally a social institution directed toward the practical purposes of economic support and responsible child rearing. Today, marriage tends to be viewed as a__________

The child-inclusive approach focuses on __________communication.

Most research presents a consistent picture of postdivorce __________ for women.

Which of the following is NOT one of the types of postdivorce relationships identified by Ahrons?

Since 1980, the divorce rate has declined almost __________ percent.

Which of the following is NOT a way lawyers, mediators, and judges can improve the effects of divorce?

Sociologist Andrew Cherlin suggests that the United States' high divorce rates may be in part a reflection of a broad sense of__________unique to American culture.

Which of the following is NOT considered a reason for the stabilization of the divorce rate over the past three decades?

Economic downturns typically lead to a(n)__________ in divorce rates.