an ancient Indian language that is considered holy by Hindus, Buddhists, and Jains

a strong seasonal wind in South and Southeast Asia

a rigid social hierarchy in India that divides people into hereditary classes

a city built with a specific layout in mind

the worship of a single god

one of the world's oldest religions, practiced mainly in India; followers believe in many gods and goddesses, and that people are reborn after they die

a religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama; followers believe that suffering comes from wanting too much, and they try to find peace and happiness by being kind, meditating, and following Gautama's teachings

in Hinduism, the rebirth of a person's soul into another body after death

in Hinduism, a state of being influenced by a person's actions and conduct; determines the kind of life into which a person will be reborn

in Buddhism, a state of bliss or the end of suffering caused by the cycle of rebirth

the Buddha's teachings; divine law

a series of postures and breathing exercises

a group of people who migrated into northern India long ago (around 1500 BCE) and spoke an early form of the Sanskrit language, raised animals, grew crops, and helped shape early Indian society and religious traditions

systems and practices for keeping places clean and removing waste, like toilets, drains, and garbage methods

a monotheistic religion founded in the 1400s in northern India by Guru Nanak; they believe in one God, follow the teachings of ten Gurus recorded in the Guru Granth Sahib (their holy book), and value honesty, equality, service to others, and remembering God.