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Fundamentals of Atomic Structure and Notation

Total questions: 15

Worksheet time: 8mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In a chemistry class, Grace is learning about elements and their properties. Her teacher asks her, "Which statement best defines the atomic number of an element?"

a)

Average mass of the element's isotopes

b)

Number of electrons surrounding the atom

c)

Number of protons in the nucleus only

d)

Total protons and neutrons in the nucleus

2.

In a science lab, Maya is studying an atom that has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. She needs to determine its atomic number and mass number. What are the values she finds?

a)

Atomic number 18, mass number 34

b)

Atomic number 18, mass number 35

c)

Atomic number 17, mass number 34

d)

Atomic number 17, mass number 35

3.

In a chemistry lab, Arjun and Sophia are studying two different types of water molecules. Both molecules contain the same number of hydrogen atoms but differ in the number of oxygen atoms. Which term correctly describes their relationship?

a)

Isomers with identical masses

b)

Allotropes of one element

c)

Isotopes of the same element

d)

Ions of different elements

4.

James has a neutral atom in his chemistry experiment. After some time, he notices that the atom has become an ion with a charge of -1. What most likely happened?

a)

It gained one electron from the surroundings

b)

It gained one neutron in the nucleus

c)

It lost one proton from the nucleus

d)

It lost one electron from the surroundings

5.

Aiden is studying the structure of atoms in his chemistry class. He comes across a nuclide symbol and wonders about the correct placement of the mass number and atomic number in it. Which placement in a nuclide symbol is correct for mass number and atomic number?

a)

Mass number to the right, atomic number to the left

b)

Atomic number as superscript, mass number as subscript

c)

Mass number as subscript, atomic number as superscript

d)

Mass number as upper left, atomic number as lower left

6.

In a chemistry lab, Ethan is studying the element potassium, represented by the nuclide symbol 40 19 K. He needs to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of this element.

a)

40 p, 19 n, 40 e

b)

21 p, 19 n, 21 e

c)

19 p, 21 n, 19 e

d)

19 p, 40 n, 19 e

7.

Aiden is studying the properties of elements in his chemistry class. He learns about mass number and atomic mass. Select all true statements about mass number and atomic mass that Aiden discovers.

a)

Mass number can be a decimal value

b)

Mass number counts protons plus neutrons

c)

Atomic mass on the periodic table is often a decimal

d)

Protons contribute to mass number but electrons do not

8.

In a chemistry lab, Ethan is experimenting with magnesium, which has 12 protons. He wants to know what change he needs to make to produce a +2 ion from a neutral atom of magnesium.

a)

Lose two electrons from the atom

b)

Gain two protons into the nucleus

c)

Lose two neutrons from the nucleus

d)

Gain two electrons into the atom

9.

In a chemistry class, Maya is curious about the atomic masses listed on the periodic table. She wonders why these values are usually decimals instead of whole numbers. Her teacher explains that the atomic masses reflect the average of different isotopes of an element based on their relative abundance. What did Maya learn?

a)

They account for temperature and pressure variations

b)

They include electrons’ changing energy levels

c)

They round proton numbers to nearest tenth

d)

They average isotopic masses by relative abundance

10.

In a chemistry lab, Lily is studying chlorine isotopes. She finds that chlorine-35 makes up 75% of the samples she collected, while chlorine-37 accounts for the remaining 25%. What is the average atomic mass of chlorine based on her findings?

a)

37.0 amu heaviest isotope

b)

35.0 amu most common isotope

c)

36.0 amu simple midpoint

d)

35.5 amu using weighted average

11.

In a chemistry class, Anika is learning about the differences between individual atoms and the periodic table. She wonders which statement about individual atoms versus the periodic table listing is correct.

a)

An individual atom has a whole-number mass number

b)

A single atom’s mass equals the table decimal

c)

Table decimals describe a specific nucleus

d)

Single atoms contain fractional neutrons sometimes

12.

Emma is conducting an experiment to determine the average atomic mass of an element using isotopic data. Select all steps required for her to compute this average atomic mass.

a)

Convert percent abundances to fractions before use

b)

Divide by the number of isotopes regardless of abundance

c)

Ignore isotopes with very low abundance

d)

Add the products to obtain a weighted sum

e)

Multiply each isotope’s mass by its fractional abundance

13.

In the soda-brand analogy, which mapping is accurate?

a)

Protons set the brand identity of the soda

b)

Neutrons control the carbonation bubbles

c)

Electrons determine the bottle’s weight

d)

Changing electrons changes the element brand

14.

Using the analogy, what best represents isotopes of the same element?

a)

Same brand but carbonation turned completely off

b)

Bottle label changed without altering the soda

c)

Different soda brands with same bottle size

d)

Same soda brand in bottles of different sizes

15.

In a chemistry experiment, Liam is studying the ionization of sodium. He discovers that sodium typically forms a +1 ion. What change occurs in the sodium atom to achieve this ionization?

a)

It gains one proton

b)

It loses one proton

c)

It gains one neutron

d)

It loses one electron