The connections of countries because of trade, money, and workers.

Making changes to something or bringing up to date. Introducing new ways of doing something.

A route that traders used between China and Western Civilization. Ran from China, through Asia and Europe.

A series of walls made of stone and brick along China’s borders, built to stop Northern invaders (The Mongols) from invading China.

To follow the teachings of Confucius (Kong Qui) who taught respect for teachers, leaders, and family.

A modern version of Confucianism founded by Laozi.

The idea that humans are evil by nature and that harsh laws and punishment were necessary.

A sequence of rulers from the same family.

The practice of limiting contacts with other civilizations.

The belief that the Chinese emperor had a divine right to rule given him by the god.

Form of Ancient Chinese writing.