WorksheetsFluid Mechanics (Chapter 11)
Total questions: 165
Worksheet time: 1hrs 23mins
For supersonic flow, the pressure of fluid must decrease as the fluid flow area of the duct
increases
remain the same
decreases
none of these
Density in terms of viscosity is ______.
kinematic viscosity / dynamic viscosity
dynamic viscosity / kinematic viscosity
kinematic viscosity × dynamic viscosity
none of these
Liquids and gases take the following characteristic(s) of their contents.
Volume
Shape and volume
Shape
Neither shape nor volume
Alcohol finds use in manometers as ______.
it provides a suitable meniscus for the inclined tube
its density being less can provide longer length for a pressure difference, thus more accuracy can be obtained
A and B above are correct
Cheap and easily available
Which of the following statements about a Newtonian fluid is most accurate?
Shear stress is proportional to strain
Viscosity is zero
Shear stress is multi-valued
Shear stress is proportional to rate of strain
For the submerged plane surface, what do you call the point on the surface where the resultant force acts?
Center of buoyancy
center of pressure
Center of gravity
center of attraction
What principle which states that "at any point in fluid at rest, the pressure is the same in all directions".
Bernoulli Principle
Pascal's Law
Archimedes Principle
Torricelli's Law
The hot-wire manometer is used to measure:
pressure in gasses
pressure in liquids
wind velocities at airports
gas velocities
The pitot static tube measures ______.
the static pressure
the gage pressure
the total pressure
the dynamic pressure
The terminal velocity of a small sphere setting in a viscous fluid varies as the ______.
first power of its diameter
inverse of fluid viscosity
inverse square of the diameter
inverse of the diameter
The normal stress is the same in all directions at a point in fluid ______.
independent of the motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer
when there is no motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer
only if the fluid is frictionless
only if fluid is frictionless and incompressible
Which of the following is not a characteristic of fluid pressure?
It is the same in all directions at a point in the fluid
It acts normal to a surface
It is a shear stress
It is linear with depth
The length of mercury column at a place at an altitude will change with respect to that at ground in:
a linear relation
a parabolic relation
will remain constant
first slowly and then steeply
All of the following dimensionless parameters are applicable to fluid flow problems except the ______.
Reynolds number
Froude number
Mach number
Biot number
Mass density of liquid (ρ) is given by which of the following?
ρ = Mass / volume
ρ = metricslug/m2
ρ = kgsec2/m4
all of these
The speed of sound in all fluid is most closely related to all of the following properties except ______.
compressibility
bulk modulus
density
thermal conductivity
Under which condition, the specific weight of water is 1000kg/m3 ?
at normal pressure of 760 mm
at 4°C temperature
at mean sea level
all of these
All of the following can be characteristics of fluids except ______.
kinematic viscosity
bulk modulus
surface tension
hysteresis
Which of the following can be used to measure the flow of water in a pipe of diameter 3000 mm?
Venturimeter
Nozzle
Rotameter
Pitot tube
The pressure at a given depth due to several immiscible liquids is ______.
the sum of the hydrostatic pressure contributions of each liquid layer
the arithmetic average of the individual layer pressures
equal to the maximum pressure among the layers
independent of the densities of the layers
The pilot static tube measures ____.
the static pressure
the total pressure
the gage pressure
the dynamic pressure
The pressure coefficient is the ratio of pressure forces to ____.
viscous forces
gravity forces
inertia forces
surface tension force
Tranquil flow must always occur ____.
above the normal depth
above the critical depth
below the normal depth
below the critical depth
Which of the following head loss coefficient among the following types of entrance?
bell mouth
reentrant
square edge
it depends
On dynamic similitude the relation which represents the ratio of inertia force to pressure force is ____.
Froude number
Euler number
Cauchy number
Reynolds number
The equation of continuity of flow is applicable if ____.
the flow is one dimensional
the flow is steady
the flow is uniform over the cross-section
all of the above conditions are together
Uniform flow takes place when ____.
conditions remain unchanged with time at any point
rate change of velocity of fluid is zero
at every point, the velocity vector is identical in magnitude and direction for any given instant
the change in transverse direction is zero
The continuity equation of an ideal fluid flow ____.
states that the net rate of inflow into any small volume must be zero
applies to irrotational flow only
A pitot tube can be used to measure fluid velocity as described by the Bernoulli's equation and the ____ relationship between ____.
kinetic energy and static pressure
fluid pressure and height
total pressure and impact energy
pressure and momentum
In order to avoid vaporization in the pipe line, the pipe line over the ridge is laid in such a way that it is not more than ____.
2.4 m above the hydraulic gradient
6.4 m above the hydraulic gradient
10.0 m above the hydraulic gradient
5.0 m above the hydraulic gradient
What is the maximum velocity in a sewer flowing full?
0.6 m/sec
1.2 m/sec
0.9 m/sec
1.8 m/sec
Which is not a physical characteristics of water?
total, suspended and dissolved solids
turbidity
color
hardness
The velocity of fluid is zero at the wall and maximum at the center because of the ____.
velocity effect
temperature effect
viscous effect
none of these
As the air passes through a nozzle, which of the following will increase?
temperature
internal energy
enthalpy
Mach number
The locus of points where condensation will take place regardless of the initial temperature and pressure at the nozzle entrance.
Fanno line
Willan line
Rayleigh line
Wilson line
The stream function is a useful parameter in describing ____.
the conservation of mass
conservation of momentum
the conservation of energy
the equation of state
For high speed flows, the potential energy of the fluids are ____.
positive
negligible
negative
none of these
McLeod gauge used for low pressure measurement operates on the principle of ____.
Gas law
Charles law
Boyle's law
Pascal's law
The most common method for calculating frictional energy loss for laminar flowing fluids in noncircular pipes is ____.
the Darcy equation
the Hagen–Poiseuille equation
the Hazen–Williams equation
the Swamee–Jain equation
The parameter f in the expression for head-loss is
the fraction of flow that is totally turbulent
the Darcy friction factor
the height of the roughness scale in turbulent flow
the static coefficient of friction
Friction factor for both laminar and turbulent flows can be found plotted in a
steam table
psychrometric chart
Moody diagram
Mollier diagram
Which of the following is relative velocity?
The difference between two velocities
Average velocity
Sum of two velocities
Vector difference of two velocities
Which of the following is the highest head?
33 inch Hg
31.0 ft. water
1.013 kg/cm2
75.0 cm of Hg
For stable equilibrium of floating body its metacenter should lie:
below the center of gravity
below the center of buoyancy
above the center of buoyancy
above the center of gravity
Center of pressure on an inclined plane lies
at the centroid
above the centroid
below the centroid
at metacenter
The line of action of the buoyant forces always acts through the centroid of the
submerged body
volume of the floating body
volume of the fluid vertically above the body
displaced volume of the fluid
The hydraulic grade line of a pipeline denotes which of the following?
Total energy
Pressure energy
Potential energy
The sum of pressure energy and potential energy
The energy grade line of a pipeline denotes which of the following?
Total energy
Pressure energy
Potential energy
The sum of pressure energy and potential energy
The presence of friction in the energy grade line will always cause the line to slope
down in the direction of the flow
upward in the direction of the flow
level (no slope)
there is no effect of friction on the energy grade line
The pitot tube is a device used for measurement of
pressure
velocity
flow
discharge
Hydrometer is used to find out
specific gravity of liquids
specific gravity of solids
specific gravity of gases
relative humidity
The fluid forces taken into consideration in the Navier Stokes equation are
gravity, pressure and viscous
gravity, pressure and turbulent
pressure, viscous and turbulent
gravity, viscous and turbulent
Permissible velocity of water flowing through concrete tunnel, is generally
4-5 m/s
13-16 m/s
10-12 m/s
20 m/s
Orifice refers to an opening
with closed perimeter and of regular form through which water flows
with prolonged sides having length of 2 to 3 diameters of opening in thick wall
with partially full flow
in hydraulic structure with regulation provision
The value of coefficient of discharge in comparison to coefficient of velocity is found to be
more
less
same
more/less depending on flow
Power transmitted through a pipe is maximum when the loss of head due to friction is
one-half of the total head supplied
one-third of the total head supplied
one-fourth of the total head supplied
equal to the total head supplied
In a nozzle if back pressure is same as inlet pressure; then
no flow takes place
maximum flow takes place
flow becomes subsonic in diverging section
flow becomes supersonic in converging as well as supersonic section
The flow on two sides of a normal shock wave is called
sonic
sub-sonic
supersonic
supersonic on one side and sub-sonic on the other side
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fluid pressure?
It is a shear stress
It is the same in all directions at a point in the fluid
It acts normal to a surface
It is linear with depth
Refers to the compressibility of a fluid; the fractional change in fluid volume per unit change in pressure.
Viscosity
Bulk modulus
Density
Pressure
A pitot tube can be used to measure fluid velocity as described by the Bernoulli equation and the relationship between _____.
kinetic energy and static pressure
fluid pressure and static pressure
fluid pressure and impact energy
pressure and momentum
The ratio of the area to the wetted perimeter is known as _____.
flow factor
hydraulic radius
Kutter’s C
value of k in Darcy–Weisbach formula
What is the coefficient of contraction?
The ratio of the area of vena contracta to the area of the orifice
The ratio of actual discharge to the theoretical discharge
The ratio of the actual velocity to the theoretical velocity
The ratio of the effective head to the actual head
Where is vena contracta most likely located?
At the orifice
At a distance approximately 1/2 the diameter of the orifice
At a distance approximately equal to the diameter of the orifice
At a distance approximately twice the diameter of the orifice
A substance that is able to flow and yields to any force tending to change its shape without changing its volume such as water and air.
Fluid
Flux
Gas oil
Water gas
The velocity of a fluid particle at the center of the pipe section is _____.
maximum
minimum
average
logarithmic average
For supersonic flow, the pressure of fluid must increase as the fluid flow area of the duct _____.
increases
decreases
constant
none of these
Which is incorrect statement regarding apparent shear forces.
It can never be found in frictionless fluid regardless of its motion
It can never be found when the fluid is at rest
It depends upon cohesive forces
It may occur owing to cohesion when the fluid is at rest
SI unit of viscosity is _____.
10 times poise
9.81 times poise
1/9.81 times poise
1/10 times poise
For computation convenience, fluids are usually classed as _____.
rotational or irrotational
real or ideal
laminar or turbulent
Newtonian or non-Newtonian
Which of the following is not a dimensionless parameter?
Kinetic viscosity
Weber number
Darcy–Weisbach friction factor
Froude number
Which of the following is not a characteristic of real fluids?
Finite viscosity
Non-uniform velocity distributions
Compressibility
Experience of eddy currents and turbulence
Which of the following is not the mass density of water?
62.5 lbm/ft^3
100 kg/m^3
1 g/cm^3
1 kg/L
The upper critical Reynolds number for pipe flow is _____.
of no practical importance to designers
always used to design pipes for strength
the number at which turbulent flow changes over to laminar flow
the number at which laminar flow changes into turbulent flow
Which of the following statements about gauge pressure is most correct? Gauge pressure are measured relative to _____.
atmospheric pressure
a vacuum
each other
the surface
The volumetric change of the fluid caused by a resistance is called.
volumetric strain
volumetric index
compressibility
adhesion
Compressibility of a fluid relates the fractional change in fluid volume per unit change in fluid.
temperature
density
pressure
viscosity
How do you call the property of a fluid whereby its own molecules are attracted?
adhesion
cohesion
surface tension
viscosity
The term subsonic flow refers to a flowing gas with a speed.
less than the local speed of sound
equal to the speed of sound
greater than the speed of sound
much greater than the speed of sound
The pressure at a point in a fluid will not be same in all the directions if the fluid is.
viscous
viscous and static
inviscous and in motion
viscous and is in motion
The statement that "the hydrostatic pressure a fluid exerts on an immersed object or on container walls is a function only of fluid depth" is.
the perfect gas law
D'Alembert's paradox
the hydrostatic paradox
Boyle's law
Bernoulli's equation is s/an.
momentum equation
conservation of energy equation
conservation of mass equation
equation of state
An ideal fluid is one that.
is very viscous
obeys Newton's law of viscosity
is assumed in problems in conduit flow
is frictionless and incompressible
The relationship between pressure and altitude in the atmosphere is given by the.
perfect gas law
conservation of mass
barometric height relationship
first law of thermodynamics
The fact the buoyant force on a floating object equal to the weight of the water displaced is.
Bernoulli's law
Archimedes' principle
The law of diminishing returns
The conservation of mass
Which of the following terms does not appear in the steady flow energy equation (the extended Bernoulli's equation)?
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
Friction losses
Hysteresis losses
Neglecting the forces due to inertia, gravity and frictional resistance, the design of a channel can be made by comparing.
Weber number
Froude's number
Reynolds number
Prant'l number
The difference between stagnation pressure and total pressure is.
due to height difference
due to fluid kinetic energy
none of the terms are interchangeable
important only in supersonic flow
Fully turbulent flow in a pipe is characterized by all of the following except.
a parabolic velocity profile
a momentum exchange due to fluid masses rather than molecules
a maximum velocity at the fluid center line
a 1/7 velocity profile
The laminar friction factor of fluid flowing through a pipe is a function of all of the following except.
fluid velocity
pipe roughness
pipe diameter
Reynolds number
The continuity equation is applicable to.
viscous non-viscous fluids
compressibility of fluids
conservation of mass
steady unsteady flow
The rise or fall of head 'h' in a capillary tube of diameter 'd' and liquid surface tension 's' and specific weight 'w' is given by.
4s/wd
4wd/s
4ds/w
4ws/d
The study of the practical laws of fluid flow and the resistance of open pipes and channels.
fluid mechanics
aerodynamics
hydraulics
thermodynamics
Which of the following turbine is different from the others?
Fourneyron turbine
Kaplan turbine
Francis turbine
Pelton wheel
Running away speed of a Pelton wheel gives.
actual operating speed
no load speed
The characteristic length of the Reynold's number used to calculate the friction in noncircular full running pipes is based on the _____.
run length
pipe length
hydraulic diameter (the equivalent diameter)
wetted circumference
The hydraulic radius of noncircular pipe is _____.
the square root of the flow area
the ratio of the area to the wetted perimeter
the radius of a pipe of equivalent area
none of these
The Darcy equation can be used for all liquids and flows except _____.
water
alcohol
gasoline
air flowing supersonically
The Hazen–Williams formula for head loss due to friction is based upon _____.
rigorous mathematical derivation
empirical data
semi-empirical analysis
serendipity
The extended Bernoulli equation includes all of the following terms except _____.
potential energy
kinetic energy
nuclear energy
friction losses
An equipotential line is one that _____.
has no velocity component tangent to it
has uniformly varying dynamic pressure
has no velocity component normal to it
exists in case of rotational flow
What is the use of a Hydraulic jump?
increase the flow rate
reduce the flow rate
reduce the velocity of flow
reduce the energy of flow
What do you call the lowest portion to storage basin from where the water is not drawn?
bottom storage
spring reserve
sub soil storage
dead storage
The presence of friction in the hydraulic grade line will always cause the line to slope _____.
down in the direction of the flow
upward in the direction of the flow
level (no slope)
there is no effect of friction on the energy grade line
The presence of a minor loss in the energy grade line will cause the line to slope _____.
down in the direction of the flow
upward in the direction of the flow
vertically downward
there is no effect of friction on the energy grade line
What do you call the pressure which the fluid exerts on an immersed object or container walls?
Normal pressure
Standard liquid pressure
Hydrostatic pressure
Gage pressure
Viscosity for a fluid is defined as the constant of proportionality between shear stress and what other variable?
The spatial derivative of velocity
The time derivative of pressure
The time derivative of density
The spatial derivative of density
What is the classification of the fluid flow if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent layers and the paths of the individual particles do not cross each other?
Steady flow
Uniform flow
Laminar flow
Turbulent flow
Which of the following refers to the measure of a fluid's sensitivity to changes in viscosity with changes in temperature?
Viscosity index
Viscosity ratio
Coefficient of viscosity
Viscosity factor
If the Mach number is greater than 1 but lesser than 5, what is the standard classification of the travel?
Transonic travel
Hypersonic travel
Subsonic travel
Supersonic travel
What is measured by a Pitot tube?
Volumetric discharge
Pressure
Mass flow
Velocity
What is the difference between the energy grade line and the hydraulic grade line?
potential energy
kinetic energy
pressure energy
friction losses
Kinetic energy is not neglected in calculations of _____.
high speed flow
steady flow
low speed flow
equilibrium flow
Discharge losses through orifice are due to _____.
friction losses
minor losses
both friction and minor losses
pressure losses
Which of the following is considered as an important parameter in the study of compressible flow?
speed of fluid
speed of light
speed of sound
speed of fluid flow
Which of the following is the basic of Bernoulli's law for fluid flow?
Continuity equation
Principle of conservation of energy
Fourier's law
Principle of conservation of mass
Is the velocity at which an infinitesimal small pressure wave travels through a medium.
Subsonic velocity
Sonic velocity
Hypersonic velocity
Monatomic velocity
It is the ratio of the actual velocity of the fluid to the velocity of sound.
Mach number
Sonic number
Froude number
Euler number
The flow is called sonic when Mach number is ____.
equal to 1
more than 1
less than 1
none of these
What is the Mach number for a subsonic flow?
greater than 1
more than 1
less than 1
none of these
The flow is supersonic when Mach no. is ____.
greater than zero
greater than 1
less than 1
none of these
The flow is transonic when ____.
M = 0
M > 1
M < 1
M = 1
The pressure decreases as the temperature and velocity increases while the fluid velocity and Mach number:
increases
remains constant
decreases
none of these
The Mach number is unity or one at the location of smallest flow area called the ____.
decreasing area
increasing area
throat
none of these
What happens to the velocity of fluid after passing the throat although the flow area?
increases rapidly
remains constant
decreases rapidly
none of these
Which of the following is an example of a Newtonian fluid?
Motor oils
Paints
Gas
Clay slurries
What is the critical pressure of water?
150 kg/cm^3
less than 200 kg/cm^2
more than 200 kg/cm^2
100 kg/cm^2
The volumetric change of the fluid caused by a resistance is called ____.
volumetric change
volumetric index
compressibility
adhesion
The energy of a fluid flowing at any section in a pipeline is a function of ____.
velocity of flow only
pressure only
height above a chosen datum, density, internal energy, pressure and velocity of flow
pressure, height above a chosen datum, velocity of flow, density of fluid
If the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent layers and the paths of individual particles do not cross, the fluid is said to be ____.
Turbulent
Dynamic
Critical
Laminar
Center of pressure on an inclined plane lies ____.
at the centroid
below the centroid
above the centroid
at the metacenter
At any instant, if the number of particles passing every cross-section of the stream is the same, the flow is said to be ____.
steady flow
continuous flow
uniform flow
laminar flow
The ratio of cross-sectional area of flow to the wetted perimeter is ____.
hydraulic lead
hydraulic mean depth
hydraulic section
hydraulic gradient
If A is the cross-sectional area of the flow and Pw is the wetted perimeter of a pipe, then what is the hydraulic depth, Hd?
Pw − A
A / Pw
Pw / A
Pw × A
If Q is the volume in gallon; D is height or elevation in ft, and m is weight in lbs per gallon, what is the desired energy to lift the water from lower to higher elevation?
E = mD/Q
E = mDQ
E = mQ/D
E = QD/m
The flow of the convergent section of a nozzle is always subsonic. If the flow is subsonic then the Mach number is ____.
greater than unity
less than unity
near unity
unity
Which of the following parameters determine the friction factor of turbulent flow in a rough pipe?
Froude number and relative roughness
Froude number and Mach number
Reynolds number and relative roughness
Mach number and relative roughness
Which of the following devices used to measure the discharge of outflow from a vessel?
pitot tube
pump head
orifice
obstruction meter
Weir refers to an opening _____.
having closed perimeter and of regular form through which water flows
having prolonged sides with length of 2 to 3 diameters of opening in thick wall
having partially full flow
in hydraulic structure with regulation provision
A converging – diverging nozzle is the standard equipment in _____.
subsonic aircraft
hypersonic aircraft
supersonic aircraft
trisonic aircraft
When a falling object reaches a speed at which the drag force equals its weight, it has achieved _____.
Mach one
a laminar boundary layer
a turbulent boundary layer
terminal velocity
The following are examples of indirect (secondary) measurements to measure flow rates using obstruction meters except _____.
variable area meters
volume tanks
venture meters
flow nozzles
The following are examples of indirect (secondary) measurements to measure flow rates using obstruction meters except:
pitot static meters
static pressure probes
weight and mass scales
direction - sensing probes
The combination of enthalpy and kinetic energy of fluid is termed as _____.
latent enthalpy
throttling enthalpy
heat enthalpy
stagnation enthalpy
The matching of scale model and full - scale results for a fluid dynamic phenomena with a free surface requires equality of _____.
Reynolds number
Froude number
Weber number
Cauchy number
The matching of scale model and full - scale results for a fluid dynamic phenomena involving compressible fluids requires equality of _____.
Reynolds number
Cauchy number
Froude number
Mach number
The matching of scale model and full - scale prototype results for a fluid dynamic phenomena involving surface tension requires equality of _____.
Reynolds number
Froude number
Weber number
Cauchy number
The matching of scale model and full - scale prototype results for a fluid dynamic phenomena involving a fully submerged body requires equality of _____.
Reynolds number
Froude number
Weber number
Mach number
The magnitude of the drag coefficient of a sphere in water is dependent upon all of the following except _____.
fluid density
fluid velocity
units of measure (SI or English Engineering System)
drag force
The known fact that there is no resistance to bodies moving through an ideal (non - viscous) fluids.
Reynold's analogy
D'Alembert's paradox
Newton's second law
the second law of thermodynamics
The following are all examples of indirect (secondary) miscellaneous methods to measure flow except _____.
turbine and propeller meters
magnetic flow meters
positive displacement meters
hot - wire anemometers
One could expect the possibility of Reynolds number similarity in all of the following cases except _____.
Pumps
Turbines
fans
weirs
One could expect the possibility of Froude number similarity in all of the following cases except _____.
surface ships
surface wave motion
flow over weirs
closed - pipe turbulent pipe flow
One could expect the possibility of Froude number similarity in all of the following cases except _____.
motion of a fluid jet
surge and flood waves
flow over spillways
subsonic airfoils
In the absence of any heat and work interactions and any changes in potential energy, the stagnation enthalpy of a fluid remains constant during _____.
unsteady flow
turbulent flow
steady flow
variable flow
Flows through multi - loop systems may be computed by _____.
any closed - form solution of simultaneous equations
the Hardy - Cross method
trial and error
all of these
One could expect the possibility of Froude number similarity in all of the following cases except _____.
surface ships
surface wave motion
flow over weirs
closed - pipe turbulent pipe flow
One could expect the possibility of Froude number similarity in all of the following cases except _____.
motion of a fluid jet
flow over spillways
surge and flood waves
subsonic airfoils
A decrease in stagnation pressure will decrease the mass flux through the ______.
diverging nozzle
converging nozzle
converging - diverging nozzle
none of these
The increase in velocity past the throat is due to the rapid decrease in the ______.
fluid density
fluid temperature
fluid specific volume
fluid pressure
The mass per unit volume of any substance.
Density
Specific weight
Specific volume
Specific gravity
The force of gravity on unit volume is ______.
Density
specific weight
specific volume
specific gravity
The reciprocal of density is ______.
specific volume
specific gravity
specific weight
specific heat
What is the highest pressure under which distinguishable liquid and vapor phases can exist in equilibrium?
Maximum pressure
Critical pressure
Atmosphere
Peak pressure
A substance that exists, or is regarded as existing, as a continuum characterized by a low resistance to flow and the tendency to assume the shape of its container.
Fluid
Molecule
Atom
Vapor
