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Political Science prepare

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Why did Aristotle refer to politics as the "master science"?

a)

Because it focuses only on elections

b)

Because it controls religion

c)

Because nearly all aspects of human life unfold within a political context

d)

Because it replaces philosophy

2.

The analysis of why some democracies survive while others fail is an example of which function?

a)

Explanatory

b)

Normative

c)

Predictive

d)

Practical

3.

The "Mandate of Heaven" in Ancient China emphasized:

a)

Military conquest

b)

The ruler's legitimacy is based on virtuous governance

c)

Popular elections

d)

Economic equality

4.

Who developed Moral Foundations Theory (MFT)?

a)

Plato and Aristotle

b)

Jonathan Haidt and Craig Joseph

c)

Bentham and Mill

d)

Hobbes and Locke

5.

Utilitarianism is primarily associated with:

a)

Marx and Engels

b)

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

c)

Aquinas and Augustine

d)

Weber and Durkheim

6.

Which of the following best distinguishes political power from other forms of power?

a)

Persuasion

b)

Tradition

c)

It is tied to political institutions and enforcement of laws

d)

Charisma

7.

The exchange of scholarships for good academic performance is an example of:

a)

Coercive power

b)

Exchange power

c)

Charismatic power

d)

Legitimate power

8.

Which of the following is NOT a core function of the executive branch in Kazakhstan?

a)

Policy implementation

b)

Administration

c)

Enforcement of laws

d)

Reviewing constitutionality of laws

9.

What are the two classes of elites identified by Pareto?

a)

Political and economic elites

b)

Upper and lower classes

c)

Governing elites and non-governing elites

d)

Bureaucrats and politicians

10.

What are the three categories of Michels' arguments supporting the Iron Law of Oligarchy?

a)

Economic, political, cultural

b)

Structural, operational, practical

c)

Moral, legal, social

d)

Formal, informal, symbolic

11.

What does Situational Theory emphasize in understanding leadership?

a)

Personality traits

b)

Leadership effectiveness depends on context

c)

Authority hierarchy

d)

Charisma

12.

Augustine's view of politics emphasized:

a)

Human perfection

b)

Original sin and the imperfection of earthly states

c)

Equality

d)

Popular sovereignty

13.

Which leadership type adapts based on the context and demands of a particular situation?

a)

Situational leadership

b)

Bureaucratic leadership

c)

Transactional leadership

d)

Charismatic leadership

14.

What distinguishes international relations from domestic policy in political science?

a)

Focus on culture

b)

Interactions between sovereign states and international organizations

c)

Focus on elections

d)

Focus on law enforcement

15.

The concept that illustrates the same idea as the Milgram Experiment:

a)

Utilitarianism

b)

Social Contract

c)

Pluralism

d)

Elitism

16.

Arthashastra is the Indian philosophical work which has common features with political ________.

a)

Idealism

b)

Liberalism

c)

Realism

d)

Feminism

17.

________, ________, ________ were the important figures of the 19th-century Kazakh Enlightenment.

a)

Abai, Altynsarin, Valikhanov

b)

Marx, Engels, Lenin

c)

Weber, Durkheim, Comte

d)

Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau

18.

Utilitarianism suggests that sometimes morally uncomfortable actions can be justified if they ______ happiness.

a)

Reduce

b)

Balance

c)

Maximize

d)

Delay

19.

The theory of the "social ______" explains the origin of society and government as an agreement among people.

a)

Order

b)

Structure

c)

Contract

d)

Norm

20.

What does Pareto describe as the two types of elites?

a)

Political and economic

b)

Rich and poor

c)

Governing elites and non-governing elites

d)

Leaders and followers

21.

Political science is considered interdisciplinary because it integrates knowledge from:

a)

Natural sciences

b)

Economics, sociology, and cultural studies

c)

Engineering

d)

Biology

22.

Forecasting political outcomes is part of which function?

a)

Normative

b)

Predictive

c)

Explanatory

d)

Practical

23.

Which thinker is known as the founder of Daoism?

a)

Laozi

b)

Confucius

c)

Mencius

d)

Han Fei

24.

Which of the following is NOT one of the six moral foundations?

a)

Care/Harm

b)

Liberty/Oppression

c)

Equality/Hierarchy

d)

Authority/Subversion

25.

The "principle of utility" states that:

a)

Morality is subjective

b)

An action is right if it maximizes happiness

c)

Rules are absolute

d)

Authority decides

26.

According to Ellen Grigsby, power is primarily understood as:

a)

Physical strength

b)

The capacity to influence outcomes or behavior

c)

Legal authority only

d)

Economic wealth

27.

Military deterrence primarily represents which sphere of power?

a)

Economic power

b)

Soft power

c)

Military power

d)

Cultural power

28.

What is the central function of the judiciary in Kazakhstan?

a)

Making laws

b)

Enforcing laws

c)

Interpreting laws and resolving disputes

d)

Managing ministries

29.

In Pareto's theory, what does the term "circulation of elites" refer to?

a)

Elite unity

b)

Permanent rule

c)

Movement between elite and non-elite groups

d)

Electoral change

30.

What is the main idea of pluralism as opposed to elitism?

a)

Elite dominance

b)

One ruling class

c)

Power distributed among competing groups

d)

State supremacy

31.

What does F.E. Fiedler argue in Situational Theory?

a)

Personality matters most

b)

Ideology matters most

c)

A leader's effectiveness depends on the situation

d)

Popularity matters most

32.

Thomas Aquinas argued that politics should:

a)

Maximize power

b)

Promote the common good and cultivate virtue

c)

Ensure obedience

d)

Protect elites

33.

What does public policy as a subfield focus on?

a)

Philosophy

b)

Elections

c)

Design, implementation, and evaluation of policy

d)

Media

34.

Which of the following best reflects misuse of legitimate power?

a)

Passing laws

b)

Elected official using office for corruption

c)

Policy debates

d)

Voting

35.

What distinguishes charismatic leadership from other forms?

a)

Rules

b)

Experience

c)

Personal magnetism and emotional appeal

d)

Institutions

36.

According to ________, the state should consist of three classes: philosopher-king, warriors, producers.

a)

Aristotle

b)

Plato

c)

Hobbes

d)

Locke

37.

Adolf Eichmann followed ______ without reflecting on moral consequences.

a)

Emotions

b)

Orders

c)

Ideals

d)

Laws only

38.

People should be protected from excessive taxation from which moral foundation?

a)

Care/Harm

b)

Liberty/Oppression

c)

Loyalty/Betrayal

d)

Authority/Subversion

39.

What concept explains movement between elite and non-elite groups by Pareto?

a)

Pluralism

b)

Oligarchy

c)

Circulation of elites

d)

Bureaucracy

40.

The theory of the "social ______" explains the origin of society and government.

a)

Structure

b)

Norm

c)

Contract

d)

Value

41.

The term "politics" originates from the Greek word "polis," which means:

a)

Government

b)

City-state or community

c)

Law

d)

Power

42.

Which function deals with justice, legitimacy, equality, and democracy?

a)

Predictive

b)

Explanatory

c)

Normative

d)

Practical

43.

Legalist philosophy in China viewed human nature as:

a)

Good

b)

Neutral

c)

Inherently selfish

d)

Cooperative

44.

The "care/harm" foundation is most evident in debates about:

a)

Defense

b)

Healthcare

c)

Trade

d)

Taxation

45.

The principle "the greatest happiness to the greatest number" is associated with:

a)

Liberalism

b)

Marxism

c)

Utilitarianism

d)

Conservatism

46.

Which of the following represents an informal source of power?

a)

Charisma of a community leader

b)

Law

c)

Constitution

d)

Office

47.

Traditional legitimacy is best exemplified by:

a)

Elections

b)

Customary succession of monarchs

c)

Referenda

d)

Courts

48.

In Kazakhstan, which body can question ministers and refuse approval of appointments?

a)

Senate

b)

Constitutional Court

c)

Mazhilis

d)

Supreme Court

49.

Which two types of elites did Pareto describe based on their ruling style?

a)

Lions and Foxes

b)

Kings and peasants

c)

Elites and masses

d)

Bureaucrats and soldiers

50.

According to pluralists, what ensures that no single group dominates decision-making?

a)

Strong leaders

b)

Centralization

c)

Diversity of interests and competition

d)

Military power

51.

How does Transactional Leadership view the leader-follower relationship?

a)

Inspiration

b)

Vision

c)

Exchanges of rewards and punishments

d)

Service

52.

Machiavelli believed a ruler should:

a)

Always be loved

b)

Be feared if he cannot be both

c)

Follow morality

d)

Avoid power

53.

How does media influence politics in the modern era?

a)

Eliminates debate

b)

Shapes ideologies and public opinion

c)

Replaces parties

d)

Has no impact

54.

Augustine's view of politics emphasized:

a)

Human progress

b)

Original sin and imperfection of earthly states

c)

Equality

d)

Democracy

55.

Thomas Aquinas argued that politics should:

a)

Protect elites

b)

Promote the common good and cultivate virtue

c)

Enforce obedience

d)

Ensure power

56.

Which theory, opposite to elitism, argues that power is spread among multiple groups?

a)

Oligarchy

b)

Bureaucracy

c)

Pluralism

d)

Monarchy

57.

What theory explains that all organizations are controlled by a small elite (Robert Michels)?

a)

Pluralism

b)

Social Contract

c)

Iron Law of Oligarchy

d)

Polyarchy

58.

Liberty/Oppression protects people from:

a)

Poverty

b)

Excessive rules and taxation

c)

Violence

d)

Inequality

59.

Utilitarianism suggests actions are justified if they:

a)

Follow rules

b)

Maximize happiness

c)

Obey authority

d)

Protect elites

60.

According to ________, the state should consist of three classes.

a)

Aristotle

b)

Plato

c)

Marx

d)

Locke

61.

Who is credited with defining politics as the study of "who gets what, when, and how"?

a)

Weber

b)

Marx

c)

Harold Lasswell

d)

Dahl

62.

Offering recommendations for governance reflects which function of political science?

a)

Explanatory

b)

Practical

c)

Normative

d)

Predictive

63.

Daoism's principle of "wu wei" means:

a)

Active leadership

b)

Non-action and natural order

c)

Moral duty

d)

Legal authority

64.

In fairness/cheating, conservatives often emphasize:

a)

Equality

b)

Proportionality of effort and reward

c)

Welfare

d)

Redistribution

65.

According to Marx, the ruling class controls:

a)

Government

b)

The means of production

c)

Religion

d)

Education

66.

When a politician passes laws promoting social justice, this illustrates:

a)

Abuse of power

b)

Positive use of power for the common good

c)

Coercion

d)

Corruption

67.

In Kazakh society, traditional legitimacy often rests on:

a)

Courts

b)

Constitution

c)

Elections

d)

Authority of family elders

68.

The President's veto power in Kazakhstan can be overridden by:

a)

Courts

b)

Referendum

c)

Parliamentary qualified majority

d)

President

69.

What is the meaning of Pareto's quote: "History is a graveyard of aristocracies"?

a)

Elites are moral

b)

No elite remains in power permanently

c)

Democracy fails

d)

Tradition dominates

70.

Which best describes Robert A. Dahl's concept of polyarchy?

a)

Rule by one

b)

Military rule

c)

Rule by multiple centers of power

d)

Bureaucracy

71.

Which theory focuses on inspiring followers toward a shared vision?

a)

Transactional

b)

Transformational

c)

Bureaucratic

d)

Situational

72.

Who first clearly defined "sovereignty" as absolute and perpetual power?

a)

Hobbes

b)

Jean Bodin

c)

Locke

d)

Rousseau

73.

Bureaucratic leadership emphasizes:

a)

Charisma

b)

Emotion

c)

Efficiency and procedural correctness

d)

Flexibility

74.

What is a long-term risk of a cult of personality?

a)

Stability

b)

Participation

c)

Erosion of accountability and centralization of power

d)

Equality

75.

The psychological experiment demonstrating the banality of evil is:

a)

Stanford experiment

b)

Milgram Experiment

c)

Prisoner's dilemma

d)

Asch experiment

76.

According to ________, the state should consist of three classes.

a)

Aristotle

b)

Plato

c)

Hobbes

d)

Locke

77.

Adolf Eichmann was portrayed as:

a)

Evil genius

b)

Ordinary bureaucrat following orders

c)

Revolutionary

d)

Leader

78.

Which theory, opposite to elitism, argues that power is spread among multiple groups?

a)

Elitism

b)

Oligarchy

c)

Pluralism

d)

Monarchy

79.

The Authority/Subversion moral foundation emphasizes respect for legitimate ________.

a)

Equality

b)

Authority

c)

Liberty

d)

Care

80.

Montesquieu divides power into how many branches?

a)

Two

b)

Three

c)

Four

d)

Five

81.

How did Max Weber define politics?

a)

Moral leadership

b)

Distribution of power within a state

c)

Economic control

d)

Cultural influence

82.

In the context of globalization, how is sovereignty now characterized?

a)

Absolute

b)

Obsolete

c)

"A soft shell" interacting with global forces

d)

Illegal

83.

Which ancient Indian school rejected religious dogma and promoted rationalism?

a)

Buddhism

b)

Vedanta

c)

Charvaka (Lokayata)

d)

Jainism

84.

The loyalty/betrayal foundation is closely tied to:

a)

Equality

b)

Group identity and cohesion

c)

Liberty

d)

Harm

85.

In Marx's view, history is driven by:

a)

Ideas

b)

Class struggle

c)

Religion

d)

Technology

86.

Which type of power involves compliance through threats?

a)

Coercive power

b)

Exchange power

c)

Legitimate power

d)

Charismatic power

87.

Charismatic legitimacy is seen when:

a)

Laws dominate

b)

Followers obey due to personal qualities

c)

Elections decide

d)

Tradition rules

88.

Which institution reviews laws for constitutionality in Kazakhstan?

a)

Parliament

b)

Supreme Court

c)

Mazhilis

d)

Constitutional Court

89.

What concept did Gaetano Mosca introduce in elite theory?

a)

Circulation of elites

b)

Polyarchy

c)

The ruling class

d)

Iron law

90.

What role do interest groups play in pluralist theory?

a)

Control government

b)

Eliminate elections

c)

Amplify individual voices and shape policy

d)

Replace parties

91.

What is a key feature of Servant Leadership theory?

a)

Authority

b)

Leading by serving others

c)

Punishment

d)

Control

92.

"Power should be understood in its own terms" means:

a)

Morality first

b)

Rulers judged by effectiveness, not morality

c)

Equality matters most

d)

Law dominates

93.

Machiavelli is the author of the book:

a)

Leviathan

b)

Republic

c)

The Prince

d)

Politics

94.

The Trolley Dilemma is most closely linked with:

a)

Deontology

b)

Utilitarianism

c)

Virtue ethics

d)

Pluralism

95.

In Marx's view, history is driven by:

a)

Cooperation

b)

Class struggle

c)

Democracy

d)

Culture

96.

According to ________, just forms of government serve the common good.

a)

Hobbes

b)

Aristotle

c)

Locke

d)

Rousseau

97.

________ is the theory of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau explaining government as agreement.

a)

Elitism

b)

Social Contract

c)

Utilitarianism

d)

Realism

98.

What term describes rule by several cooperating elite groups (Robert Dahl)?

a)

Oligarchy

b)

Elitism

c)

Polyarchy

d)

Bureaucracy

99.

Who introduced the concept of the "Ruling class" in elite theory?

a)

Michels

b)

Pareto

c)

Gaetano Mosca

d)

Dahl

100.

Utilitarianism suggests that sometimes morally uncomfortable actions can be justified if they ________ happiness.

a)

Reduce

b)

Balance

c)

Maximize

d)

Delay

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