WorksheetsDBMS and Storage Concepts Worksheet
Total questions: 107
Worksheet time: 54hrs 30mins
In ER diagrams, relationships are represented by:
Circles
Rectangles
Ovals
Diamonds
Automated data replication:
Syncs data across sites
Replication deletion
Manual replication
No replication
What is 'pinning' a buffer frame?
Compressing it
Deleting it
Marking it as unavailable for replacement
Indexing it
Automated load balancing in DBMS:
No balancing
Distributes queries across replicas
Balancing deletion
Manual balancing
DevOps tools for DB like DBMaestro:
DevOps deletion
No DevOps
Enforces change management
Manual DevOps
In the three-schema architecture of DBMS, which level deals with how data is stored on disk?
Conceptual schema
External schema
Internal schema
User schema
Which concurrency control technique uses locks?
Timestamping
Multiversion concurrency control
Locking protocols
Validation
Tape backups are suitable for:
Online access
Small data
Archival and large-volume storage
Fast restores
What is 'defragmentation' in file systems?
Striping data
Indexing fragments
Reorganizing fragmented files for contiguous allocation
Compressing files
Auditing in DBMS involves:
Granting permissions
Recording user activities for review
Backing up data
Optimizing queries
What is quantum-resistant encryption?
Resistant to all
Quantum encryption
No resistance
Algorithms secure against quantum computing attacks
What is a view in DBMS?
A virtual table derived from one or more base tables
A physical table
A backup file
An index
What is a security information and event management (SIEM) system?
No events
Event optimization
Tool for real-time analysis of security alerts
Information deletion
What is phishing in the context of DBMS security?
Network optimization
Data compression
A social engineering attack to steal credentials
A fishing algorithm
In DBMS, access control lists (ACLs) specify:
Permissions for users on objects
Data backups
Encryption keys
Query plans
Partial recovery restores:
Full only
Partial encryption
Specific objects like tables
No partial
Biometric authentication in DBMS uses:
Only passwords
Physical characteristics like fingerprints
Query history
IP addresses
What is 'data striping' in storage?
Buffering data
Compressing data
Distributing data blocks across multiple disks
Indexing data
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) assigns permissions based on:
Data encryption levels
Individual user IDs
Network IP addresses
User roles within the organization
What does the term 'data abstraction' refer to in DBMS?
Deleting unnecessary data
Hiding the complexity of data storage from users
Converting data into binary format
Storing data in multiple locations for backup
What is 'erasure coding' in storage?
Using parity for data recovery with less overhead than replication
Coding indexes
Erasing data
Buffering codes
In DBMS, certificate-based authentication uses:
Query certificates
Digital certificates for verifying identities
Paper certificates
No certificates
What is a primary index?
Created on the ordering key of a sorted file
Used only for secondary storage
Allows duplicate keys
Built on a non-key attribute
What is Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)?
Allows transitive dependencies
A weaker form of 1NF
A stronger form of 3NF where every determinant is a candidate key
Equivalent to 2NF
Automated role management:
No roles
Role deletion
Assigns privileges dynamically
Manual roles
The ARIES algorithm is used for:
Encryption
Crash recovery with write-ahead logging
Indexing
Data compression
What does 'write-ahead logging' relate to in storage?
RAID configuration
Buffering reads
Indexing
Ensuring changes are logged before writing to disk for recovery
In DBMS, an index is used to:
Compress data on disk
Store the actual data records
Provide a faster way to locate records without scanning the entire file
Encrypt sensitive fields
The 'fill factor' in indexes refers to:
Fanout
Number of levels
Percentage of space left empty in nodes for future inserts
Height
What is data mining?
Storing data
Extracting patterns from large datasets
Deleting data
Chef for DB automation:
Chef deletion
Manual chef
Manages configurations declaratively
No chef
What is normalization in database design?
Encrypting data
Increasing data redundancy
Backing up data
Organizing data to minimize redundancy and dependency
Database vault technologies provide:
Backup storage
Data deletion
Query caching
Extra layers of access control for sensitive data
A multivalued attribute in ER model is:
Represented by a double oval
Part of the primary key
A single value attribute
Always null
AI-driven automation in DBMS can:
Ignore AI
Manual tuning
AI deletion
Tune parameters using machine learning
Database recovery is needed after:
Queries
Backups
Successful transactions
System failures or errors
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) in DBMS is characterized by:
No auditing requirements
Role-based assignments only
User-discretionary permissions
System-enforced policies based on labels (e.g., classified, secret)
Extendible hashing uses:
Tree structures
Fixed bucket sizes
Sorted buckets
A directory that doubles in size for dynamic growth
Which data model represents data as a collection of tables with rows and columns?
Object-oriented model
Hierarchical model
Relational model
Network model
What is a phantom read in transaction isolation?
Non-repeatable read
A dirty read
Seeing new rows inserted by another transaction
Reading committed data
The 'C' in ACID stands for:
Connectivity
Compression
Consistency
Concurrency
What is a stored procedure?
A temporary table
Precompiled SQL code stored in the database
An index
A view
What is DBaaS in the context of automation?
Database as a Service, automating provisioning and management
Manual database setup
Query service
Data backup only
In distributed DBMS, security challenges include:
Automatic auditing
Only local authentication
Securing data across multiple sites and networks
No need for encryption
In storage hierarchies, tertiary storage is typically:
Magnetic tapes or optical jukeboxes for archival
SSDs
Cache
RAM
Deferred update in recovery:
Immediate update
No update
Deferred encryption
Logs changes but applies after commit
In DBMS, a full backup includes:
Only changed data
Only transaction logs
Indexes only
The entire database at a point in time
What is the minimum number of disks required for RAID 6?
2
1
3
4
What is two-phase commit in distributed databases?
A locking mechanism
Ensuring all sites commit or abort a transaction
Query optimization
Data normalization
What does a primary key in a relational database ensure?
Uniqueness of each record in a table
Data redundancy
Automatic backups
Data encryption
The main goal of query optimization is:
To delete data
To increase data redundancy
To create views
To find the most efficient way to execute a query
What is a common method to secure data in transit?
Avoiding networks
Using SSL/TLS protocols
Compressing data
Storing data unencrypted
Automated data migration tools:
No migration
Manual migration
Migration deletion
Like DMS in AWS for seamless transfers
A database anomaly like insertion anomaly occurs due to:
Too many indexes
High concurrency
Data encryption
Poor normalization
Variable-length records use:
No separators
Always null padding
Delimiters or length prefixes to separate fields
Fixed offsets
What is 'index-only scan'?
Retrieving data without accessing the table
Using only primary indexes
Full table scan
Scanning buffers
Automated monitoring in DBMS involves:
Tools like Prometheus for alerting on metrics
Monitoring deletion
Manual checks
No monitoring
What does ETL stand for in data warehousing?
Execute, Test, Launch
Extract, Transform, Load
Edit, Translate, Link
Encrypt, Transmit, Log
In DBMS, what is behavioral analytics?
Analytic encryption
Using AI to detect deviations from normal user behavior
Behavior deletion
No behavior
Automated backup in DBMS:
Backup deletion
Schedules regular backups without manual intervention
Manual backups only
No backups
Failover in recovery is:
No switch
Manual restart by an administrator
Automatic switch to a standby system without manual intervention
Data re-encryption only
Continuous data protection (CDP) allows:
Fixed points only
CDP encryption
No recovery
Recovery to any point in time
Tower of Hanoi backup scheme:
Hanoi encryption
Tower queries
No tower
Uses exponential rotation for efficiency
In big data, Apache Airflow is used for:
Data deletion
Manual data loading
Encryption only
Automating data pipelines and workflows
What is a transaction log backup used for?
Backing up indexes
Encrypting transactions
Backing up the entire database
Capturing changes in the log for point-in-time recovery
What is a quiesce point?
Point encryption
No point
Quiesce queries
Consistent state for backup
In DBMS, restore command:
Applies backups to recover data
Restore encryption
No restore
Command queries
Automated archiving:
Manual archiving
No archiving
Archiving deletion
Moves old data
What is data archiving?
No archiving
Active data
Archiving encryption
Moving inactive data to long-term storage
What is multi-level security (MLS) in DBMS?
Supporting data with different security classifications in one database
Encryption levels
No security
Single-level only
Which storage medium has the lowest access latency?
Solid-State Drive (SSD)
Magnetic tape
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Optical disk
What is a common DBMS security vulnerability?
Weak passwords and default credentials
Strong encryption
Regular audits
Least privilege
Database forensics involves:
Optimizing forensics
Deleting evidence
Investigating security incidents through logs and artifacts
Forcing data entry
Which of the following is NOT a type of database user?
Database administrators (DBA)
Application programmers
Hardware engineers
End users
What is a B-tree index commonly used for?
Fixed-height structures
Hash-based lookups only
Sequential access only
Balanced, multi-level indexing for efficient searches, inserts, and deletes
Homomorphic encryption allows:
Decrypting all data
Computations on encrypted data without decryption
Only storage
No computations
Write-Ahead Logging (WAL) ensures:
Logs deleted
Changes logged before written to disk
Data compressed
Backups ignored
Docker for DB automation:
Manual docker
Docker deletion
No docker
Containerizes DBs for portability
OLTP stands for:
Online Transaction Processing
Operational Language for Transactions
Offline Data Processing
Online Logical Transaction Protocol
RAID 1 provides:
Striping with parity
Block-level parity
Disk mirroring for fault tolerance
No redundancy
Entity integrity ensures:
Primary keys are not null
Foreign keys match primary keys
Data is encrypted
No duplicate rows
GitHub Actions for DB CI:
No actions
Manual actions
Actions deletion
Runs workflows for DB
What is a cursor in SQL?
A table
An index
A pointer to traverse result sets
A trigger
What is a 'heap file' in file organization?
Records appended in no particular order
Records clustered by index
Records stored in sorted order
Records accessed via hash functions
In sequential file organization, records are:
Hashed to buckets
Sorted by a key field
Stored randomly
Accessed via pointers
RAID 10 combines:
Striping only
Parity only
Striping and mirroring
Double parity
Database masking is used to:
Delete old records
Replace sensitive data with realistic but fake values for testing
Encrypt all data
Hide database structure
Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) is used in:
High-capacity HDDs with overlapping tracks
Optical disks
SSDs
RAM
In DBMS, what is a watermark?
Water encryption
No marks
Marking deletions
Embedded identifier for tracking data leaks
What is the principle of least privilege in DBMS security?
Encrypting all data
Giving users all possible permissions
Allowing anonymous access
Granting only the minimum permissions needed for tasks
What is aggregation in ER model?
Normalizing data
Deleting entities
Treating a relationship as an entity
Combining multiple databases
In LSM-trees (Log-Structured Merge-trees), data is:
Buffered in memory and flushed to disk in sorted runs
Stored directly in-place on disk pages
Written randomly without compaction
Indexed only with hash tables
A secondary index is typically: 0/1
Sparse and clustered
Stored on tape
Dense and built on non-ordering attributes
Used for primary keys only
Automated query optimization: 0/1
Manual optimization
Optimization deletion
Uses cost-based optimizers
No optimization
A clustered index: 0/1
Is non-unique
Allows duplicates
Is separate from data
Sorts and stores data rows in order
What is cardinality in ER models? 0/1
The size of the database
The number of attributes in an entity
The mapping ratio between entities in a relationship (e.g., one-to-many)
The number of tables
Block-level backups copy: 0/1
No blocks
Blocks encrypted
Files only
Changed blocks for efficiency
What is a trigger in DBMS? 0/1
A user role
A data type
A stored procedure executed automatically on events
A query optimizer
Offsite backups protect against: 0/1
Software bugs only
No protection
Onsite only
Site-wide disasters like fires
Multi-tier backups use: 0/1
Tier queries
Combination of disk, tape, cloud for layers
No tiers
Single tier
Big data automation with Spark: 0/1
Manual Spark
No Spark
Spark deletion
Automates distributed processing
What is a join in SQL? 0/1
Deleting tables
Backing up data
Combining rows from two or more tables based on related columns
Creating indexes
Database views can enhance security by: 0/1
Allowing full table access
Automatically encrypting data
Providing restricted, customized subsets of data
Deleting sensitive records
Terraform for DB provisioning: 0/1
Defines DB as code
Manual terraform
Terraform deletion
No terraform
In storage, 'IOPS' stands for: 0/1
Internal Operations Per Second
Index Optimization Per Scan
Input/Output Operations Per Second
Input Operations Per Stripe
Blockchain in DBMS security provides: 0/1
Centralized control
Mutable data
No security
Immutable, decentralized ledgers for tamper-proof records
In ER modeling, a weak entity: 0/1
Depends on a strong entity for identification
Has its own primary key
Is independent of relationships
Cannot have attributes
