WorksheetsQUIZ_SOT Level 1 (DSPK SEM 4)
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
A 25-year-old male presents after a road traffic accident. He is unconscious with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 7. Which of the following is the most important initial step in management?
Perform a CT scan of the head immediately
Administer mannitol
Secure the airway and ensure adequate oxygenation
Start prophylactic antibiotics
Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of raised intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Headache
Vomiting
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Which of the following fluids is preferred in a patient with severe head injury and raised ICP?
0.9% Normal saline
5% Dextrose in water
Hartmann’s solution
0.45% Saline
Which of the following is TRUE regarding mannitol use in head injury?
It is hypotonic and reduces ICP by moving water into brain tissue
Repeated use can cause hypovolemia and renal injury
It increases ICP by drawing water into the brain
It is contraindicated in all patients with raised ICP
Which of the following neurological signs is a late indicator of life-threatening raised ICP?
Headache
Vomiting
Altered level of consciousness
Bradycardia with hypertension
A patient opens their eyes only in response to painful stimuli, speaks in incomprehensible sounds, and withdraws their limb from pain. What is the total GCS score?
9
10
11
12
Which of the following GCS scores indicates severe head injury?
15
13
9
6
A patient opens eyes spontaneously, is confused but answers questions, and localizes pain. What is their GCS score?
13
14
15
12
Which component of the GCS has the highest possible score?
Eye opening
Verbal response
Motor response
Pupillary reaction
A patient scores E2, V3, M5 on the GCS. What is their total score and severity category?
10 – moderate head injury
10 – severe head injury
11 – moderate head injury
11 – severe head injury
Which of the following is considered the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults?
0–5 mmHg
5–15 mmHg
15–25 mmHg
25–40 mmHg
Which of the following is NOT a compensatory mechanism to maintain normal ICP when intracranial volume increases?
Displacement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Reduction of cerebral blood volume
Brain tissue compression
Increased systemic blood pressure
Which of the following signs is most specific for severely raised ICP?
Headache
Vomiting
Papilledema
Bradycardia with hypertension
A patient with a head injury has an ICP of 25 mmHg. Which of the following is an appropriate first-line management?
Hyperventilation to PaCO₂ 25 mmHg
Elevate the head of the bed to 30°
Rapid infusion of hypotonic saline
Immediate craniectomy in all cases
Which of the following is commonly used as an osmotic therapy to lower ICP?
Mannitol
Furosemide
Dexamethasone
Phenytoin
Which of the following best defines hydrocephalus?
Decreased CSF production in the ventricles
Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain ventricles
Brain tissue loss due to trauma
Inflammation of the meninges
Which of the following is a common cause of communicating hydrocephalus?
Aqueductal stenosis
Obstruction at the foramina of Monro
Impaired CSF absorption at arachnoid villi
The fourth ventricle is obstructed by a tumor
A 6-month-old infant presents with rapid head growth, bulging fontanelle, and sunset eyes. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Microcephaly
Hydrocephalus
Meningitis
Cerebral palsy
Which of the following is a definitive treatment for hydrocephalus?
Mannitol infusion
Acetazolamide therapy
Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt
Head elevation and observation
Which of the following is a possible complication of over-drainage of CSF in hydrocephalus treatment?
Hydrocephalus recurrence
Subdural hematoma
Infection
Increased ICP
