Read the passage and choose the correct answer. Covid-19 and the ugly truth about Indonesian education (1) The disparity in Indonesian education has widened since the Covid-19 pandemic began spreading its power. Countless schools have closed, and five months later doubts linger as to when things will return to normal. Some schools in areas where infections are very low have gradually resumed classes, but it does not mean the problem has gone away. (2) Last week the Federation of Indonesian Teachers Associations said at least 42 teachers have died due to the coronavirus and hundreds have been infected. It added weight to a recent study that said over 70 percent of schools were not ready to implement social distancing protocols. (3) A closer look, however, shows it as an additional problem but one which has laid bare inherent failures and an ugly reality educational reforms through the within the education system. When the government instructed schools to switch to distance learning in March, only a few schools were ready and most of them were in cities. For urban schools with adequate equipment and a better internet connection, conducting online lessons was not so much an issue. It was a severe problem for schools in remote areas that lacked internet connections or electricity and where not many people have smartphones. (4) A lack of quality teachers is another problem. Indonesia has over three million primary and secondary school teachers, more than half of whom are not certified, according to government figures. This is because in many parts of the country schools lacked teachers. To address this, many non-permanent people were hired whose main qualification was a passion for teaching. During the pandemic, these teachers have suffered the most as they are paid based on classroom attendance, while full-time qualified teachers have had their pay cut. (5) There is also an unfair distribution of basic school infrastructure in many parts of the country, with schools in rural areas playing second fiddle to urban ones. This is something that the government has failed to solve in the 75 years since becoming independent. (6) For schools beleaguered by the pandemic, this is only a temporary reprieve as the underlying problems still need addressing. Undeniably, online learning has the potential to create or widen social and economic disparity. For the haves, it is not a problem, but for the have-nots the burden is heavier because they will have to obtain the computers, mobile phones and internet packages to be able to learn. (7) On Aug. 14, President Joko Widodo said the government was committed to improving the country’s education and would spend 37 billion USD, or 20 percent of the state budget, on education next year, up from 34.5 billion USD this year. He said the money will be used to carry out transformation of school managers and teachers, and the acceleration of improving the quality of educational facilities and infrastructure, especially in disadvantaged, rural and remote areas. (8) One can only hope this money goes to where it is supposed to and does not fall prey to the corrupt, which has happened so often in the past. In paragraph 8, the author implies that ...

Read the passage and choose the correct answer. Covid-19 and the ugly truth about Indonesian education (1) The disparity in Indonesian education has widened since the Covid-19 pandemic began spreading its power. Countless schools have closed, and five months later doubts linger as to when things will return to normal. Some schools in areas where infections are very low have gradually resumed classes, but it does not mean the problem has gone away. (2) Last week the Federation of Indonesian Teachers Associations said at least 42 teachers have died due to the coronavirus and hundreds have been infected. It added weight to a recent study that said over 70 percent of schools were not ready to implement social distancing protocols. (3) A closer look, however, shows it as an additional problem but one which has laid bare inherent failures and an ugly reality educational reforms through the within the education system. When the government instructed schools to switch to distance learning in March, only a few schools were ready and most of them were in cities. For urban schools with adequate equipment and a better internet connection, conducting online lessons was not so much an issue. It was a severe problem for schools in remote areas that lacked internet connections or electricity and where not many people have smartphones. (4) A lack of quality teachers is another problem. Indonesia has over three million primary and secondary school teachers, more than half of whom are not certified, according to government figures. This is because in many parts of the country schools lacked teachers. To address this, many non-permanent people were hired whose main qualification was a passion for teaching. During the pandemic, these teachers have suffered the most as they are paid based on classroom attendance, while full-time qualified teachers have had their pay cut. (5) There is also an unfair distribution of basic school infrastructure in many parts of the country, with schools in rural areas playing second fiddle to urban ones. This is something that the government has failed to solve in the 75 years since becoming independent. (6) For schools beleaguered by the pandemic, this is only a temporary reprieve as the underlying problems still need addressing. Undeniably, online learning has the potential to create or widen social and economic disparity. For the haves, it is not a problem, but for the have-nots the burden is heavier because they will have to obtain the computers, mobile phones and internet packages to be able to learn. (7) On Aug. 14, President Joko Widodo said the government was committed to improving the country’s education and would spend 37 billion USD, or 20 percent of the state budget, on education next year, up from 34.5 billion USD this year. He said the money will be used to carry out transformation of school managers and teachers, and the acceleration of improving the quality of educational facilities and infrastructure, especially in disadvantaged, rural and remote areas. (8) One can only hope this money goes to where it is supposed to and does not fall prey to the corrupt, which has happened so often in the past. The author’s attitude towards the current educational system in Indonesia is ...

Read the passage and choose the correct answer. Covid-19 and the ugly truth about Indonesian education (6) For schools beleaguered by the pandemic, this is only a temporary reprieve as the underlying problems still need addressing. Undeniably, online learning has the potential to create or widen social and economic disparity. For the haves, it is not a problem, but for the have-nots the burden is heavier because they will have to obtain the computers, mobile phones and internet packages to be able to learn. The word beleaguered (paragraph 6) most nearly means ...

Read the passage and choose the correct answer. Covid-19 and the ugly truth about Indonesian education (7) On Aug. 14, President Joko Widodo said the government was committed to improving the country’s education and would spend 37 billion USD, or 20 percent of the state budget, on education next year, up from 34.5 billion USD this year. He said the money will be used to carry out transformation of school managers and teachers, and the acceleration of improving the quality of educational facilities and infrastructure, especially in disadvantaged, rural and remote areas. (8) One can only hope this money goes to where it is supposed to and does not fall prey to the corrupt, which has happened so often in the past. If the author were to ask President Joko Widodo, he would probably be most interested in the answer to which of the following questions?

Read the text below and choose the correct answer to the following question. Preschool age is less a concrete number than it is a state of mind. Children typically start their preschool at the age of 3 or 4. However, it is something that parents need to figure out. The skills that a child should cultivate prior to kindergarten are more about socializing. Learning how to read, write, and count is the second priority. In other words, children may know alphabets, numbers, but they still need a little extra emotional support that you can get in child care but will not be as readily available in preschool. The misconception that there is an ideal preschool-age rests in a misunderstanding of the difference between the quality of child care and preschool. “Child care provides preschool, but preschool doesn’t provide care,” explains Nikki Darling-Kuria, program manager of professional development at child development nonprofit Zero to Three and author of Brain-Based Early Learning Activities: Connecting Theory and Practice. Darling-Kuria notes that parents who already have their child in good child care do not necessarily need to transition to preschool at all. In child care, children will earn the ability to play, communicate, and collaborate with others, the ability to listen and to follow instructions, and the ability to wait in line or sit still. These essential skills are already aligned with the skills required to enter kindergarten. “High-quality child care means children are able to receive care but they’re getting it in the form of high quality environments where relationships are key,” she says. “Those relationships set them up for good learning for the rest of their life.” Knowing the alphabet, colors, and shapes, and being able to count often feel important, but research hasn’t borne out that these are essential skills for future success. After all, the purpose of kindergarten is to make sure all children have the same foundation before entering the first grade no matter what skills they have developed before kindergarten. Many preschools offer excellent opportunities to build the social and play skills children need to be successful. Others are important in that they offer children a faith-based foundation consistent with their cultural expectations. However, making the transition to a preschool is less about reaching a preschool age and more about making sure a child has been emotionally prepared to make the transition away from their child-care setting. Many preschools ask that children have a certain level of independence before entry. They may need to be reliably potty trained, able to feed themselves, or capable of washing their hands. Because children reach these milestones at wildly different ages, it’s possible that some children might be ready to enter preschool at 30 months. Other children may not be ready until they are over 4 years old. More important than skills, however, is understanding whether both children and parents are ready to make a transition. In some cases transitioning a child away from child care that’s already providing good social education opportunities can be traumatic, and some parents who have children at home may simply not be ready to separate from their child. Regardless of age, experts agree that whether a child stays in a high-quality child-care environment or enters preschool, relationships are key. “Find a preschool with low teacher-child ratios so the teacher has time to nurture each individual child,” says Christine Kyriakakos Martin, founder and owner of Sunshine Preschool in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, and author of You’ve Got This! Keys to Effective Parenting for the Early Years. “The most important factor is finding a safe, nurturing environment where your child can feel comfortable to trust their caregiver. Children grow socially, emotionally, and cognitively when they bond with a familiar caregiver.” The first paragraph tells that ...

Read the text below and choose the correct answer to the following question. Preschool age is less a concrete number than it is a state of mind. Children typically start their preschool at the age of 3 or 4. However, it is something that parents need to figure out. The skills that a child should cultivate prior to kindergarten are more about socializing. Learning how to read, write, and count is the second priority. In other words, children may know alphabets, numbers, but they still need a little extra emotional support that you can get in child care but will not be as readily available in preschool. “Child care provides preschool, but preschool doesn’t provide care,” explains Nikki Darling-Kuria, program manager of professional development at child development nonprofit Zero to Three and author of Brain-Based Early Learning Activities: Connecting Theory and Practice. Darling-Kuria notes that parents who already have their child in good child care do not necessarily need to transition to preschool at all. In child care, children will earn the ability to play, communicate, and collaborate with others, the ability to listen and to follow instructions, and the ability to wait in line or sit still. These essential skills are already aligned with the skills required to enter kindergarten. Many preschools offer excellent opportunities to build the social and play skills children need to be successful. However, making the transition to a preschool is less about reaching a preschool age and more about making sure a child has been emotionally prepared to make the transition away from their child-care setting. According to the text, how does child care differ from preschool?

Read Text 1 and Text 2, then answer the question. Text 1 Modern farms have undergone a significant transformation in recent years, driven by technological advancements. These innovations have revolutionized agricultural practices, leading to increased efficiency, sustainability, and productivity. One of the most notable developments in modern farming is the widespread adoption of precision agriculture. This technology involves the use of data analytics, GPS, and sensors to collect and analyze information about soil conditions, crop health, and weather patterns. This data is then used to optimize resource allocation, minimize waste, and maximize yields. For example, farmers can use precision agriculture to apply fertilizers and pesticides only where they are needed, reducing environmental impact and costs. Another key trend in modern farming is the increasing use of automation. Robotic systems are being deployed to perform tasks such as planting, harvesting, and weeding, reducing the need for manual labor and improving efficiency. Additionally, automated systems can monitor crops and detect problems early on, allowing farmers to take corrective action before significant damage occurs. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is also becoming more common on modern farms. This helps to reduce the farm's carbon footprint and lower energy costs. Furthermore, renewable energy can be used to power equipment and machinery, making farms more self-sufficient. In conclusion, modern farms are at the forefront of technological innovation. By embracing precision agriculture, automation, and renewable energy, farmers are able to improve their operations, enhance sustainability, and meet the growing demand for food. Text 2 While modern farming has made significant strides in recent years, it also faces a number of challenges. One of the most pressing issues is the impact of climate change on agricultural production. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and changes in precipitation patterns can disrupt crop growth and reduce yields. Farmers must adapt their practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, such as adopting drought-resistant crops and investing in irrigation systems. Another challenge facing modern farming is the increasing cost of inputs, such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. These rising costs can reduce profitability for farmers, especially small-scale operations. To address this issue, farmers may need to explore alternative inputs, such as organic fertilizers and bio pesticides, or adopt more efficient farming practices. Despite these challenges, modern farming also presents numerous opportunities. Technological advancements, such as precision agriculture and automation, can help farmers improve their efficiency and profitability. Additionally, the growing demand for sustainable and locally produced food can create new markets for farmers who prioritize environmentally friendly practices. In conclusion, modern farming is a complex and dynamic industry that faces both challenges and opportunities. By addressing the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities, farmers can ensure a sustainable and prosperous future for agriculture. Which of the following is a key similarity between the two texts on modern farming?

Read Text 1 and Text 2, then answer the question. Text 1 Modern farms have undergone a significant transformation in recent years, driven by technological advancements. These innovations have revolutionized agricultural practices, leading to increased efficiency, sustainability, and productivity. One of the most notable developments in modern farming is the widespread adoption of precision agriculture. This technology involves the use of data analytics, GPS, and sensors to collect and analyze information about soil conditions, crop health, and weather patterns. This data is then used to optimize resource allocation, minimize waste, and maximize yields. For example, farmers can use precision agriculture to apply fertilizers and pesticides only where they are needed, reducing environmental impact and costs. Another key trend in modern farming is the increasing use of automation. Robotic systems are being deployed to perform tasks such as planting, harvesting, and weeding, reducing the need for manual labor and improving efficiency. Additionally, automated systems can monitor crops and detect problems early on, allowing farmers to take corrective action before significant damage occurs. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is also becoming more common on modern farms. This helps to reduce the farm's carbon footprint and lower energy costs. Furthermore, renewable energy can be used to power equipment and machinery, making farms more self-sufficient. In conclusion, modern farms are at the forefront of technological innovation. By embracing precision agriculture, automation, and renewable energy, farmers are able to improve their operations, enhance sustainability, and meet the growing demand for food. Text 2 While modern farming has made significant strides in recent years, it also faces a number of challenges. One of the most pressing issues is the impact of climate change on agricultural production. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and changes in precipitation patterns can disrupt crop growth and reduce yields. Farmers must adapt their practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, such as adopting drought-resistant crops and investing in irrigation systems. Another challenge facing modern farming is the increasing cost of inputs, such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. These rising costs can reduce profitability for farmers, especially small-scale operations. To address this issue, farmers may need to explore alternative inputs, such as organic fertilizers and bio pesticides, or adopt more efficient farming practices. Despite these challenges, modern farming also presents numerous opportunities. Technological advancements, such as precision agriculture and automation, can help farmers improve their efficiency and profitability. Additionally, the growing demand for sustainable and locally produced food can create new markets for farmers who prioritize environmentally friendly practices. In conclusion, modern farming is a complex and dynamic industry that faces both challenges and opportunities. By addressing the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities, farmers can ensure a sustainable and prosperous future for agriculture. What is the primary difference in focus between the two Texts?

Read Text 1 and Text 2, then answer the question. Text 1 Modern farms have undergone a significant transformation in recent years, driven by technological advancements. These innovations have revolutionized agricultural practices, leading to increased efficiency, sustainability, and productivity. One of the most notable developments in modern farming is the widespread adoption of precision agriculture. This technology involves the use of data analytics, GPS, and sensors to collect and analyze information about soil conditions, crop health, and weather patterns. This data is then used to optimize resource allocation, minimize waste, and maximize yields. For example, farmers can use precision agriculture to apply fertilizers and pesticides only where they are needed, reducing environmental impact and costs. Another key trend in modern farming is the increasing use of automation. Robotic systems are being deployed to perform tasks such as planting, harvesting, and weeding, reducing the need for manual labor and improving efficiency. Additionally, automated systems can monitor crops and detect problems early on, allowing farmers to take corrective action before significant damage occurs. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is also becoming more common on modern farms. This helps to reduce the farm's carbon footprint and lower energy costs. Furthermore, renewable energy can be used to power equipment and machinery, making farms more self-sufficient. In conclusion, modern farms are at the forefront of technological innovation. By embracing precision agriculture, automation, and renewable energy, farmers are able to improve their operations, enhance sustainability, and meet the growing demand for food. Text 2 While modern farming has made significant strides in recent years, it also faces a number of challenges. One of the most pressing issues is the impact of climate change on agricultural production. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and changes in precipitation patterns can disrupt crop growth and reduce yields. Farmers must adapt their practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, such as adopting drought-resistant crops and investing in irrigation systems. Another challenge facing modern farming is the increasing cost of inputs, such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. These rising costs can reduce profitability for farmers, especially small-scale operations. To address this issue, farmers may need to explore alternative inputs, such as organic fertilizers and bio pesticides, or adopt more efficient farming practices. Despite these challenges, modern farming also presents numerous opportunities. Technological advancements, such as precision agriculture and automation, can help farmers improve their efficiency and profitability. Additionally, the growing demand for sustainable and locally produced food can create new markets for farmers who prioritize environmentally friendly practices. In conclusion, modern farming is a complex and dynamic industry that faces both challenges and opportunities. By addressing the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities, farmers can ensure a sustainable and prosperous future for agriculture. According to the first Text, how has precision agriculture impacted modern farming?

Read Text 1 and Text 2, then answer the question. Text 1 Modern farms have undergone a significant transformation in recent years, driven by technological advancements. These innovations have revolutionized agricultural practices, leading to increased efficiency, sustainability, and productivity. One of the most notable developments in modern farming is the widespread adoption of precision agriculture. This technology involves the use of data analytics, GPS, and sensors to collect and analyze information about soil conditions, crop health, and weather patterns. This data is then used to optimize resource allocation, minimize waste, and maximize yields. For example, farmers can use precision agriculture to apply fertilizers and pesticides only where they are needed, reducing environmental impact and costs. Another key trend in modern farming is the increasing use of automation. Robotic systems are being deployed to perform tasks such as planting, harvesting, and weeding, reducing the need for manual labor and improving efficiency. Additionally, automated systems can monitor crops and detect problems early on, allowing farmers to take corrective action before significant damage occurs. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is also becoming more common on modern farms. This helps to reduce the farm's carbon footprint and lower energy costs. Furthermore, renewable energy can be used to power equipment and machinery, making farms more self-sufficient. In conclusion, modern farms are at the forefront of technological innovation. By embracing precision agriculture, automation, and renewable energy, farmers are able to improve their operations, enhance sustainability, and meet the growing demand for food. Text 2 While modern farming has made significant strides in recent years, it also faces a number of challenges. One of the most pressing issues is the impact of climate change on agricultural production. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and changes in precipitation patterns can disrupt crop growth and reduce yields. Farmers must adapt their practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, such as adopting drought-resistant crops and investing in irrigation systems. Another challenge facing modern farming is the increasing cost of inputs, such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. These rising costs can reduce profitability for farmers, especially small-scale operations. To address this issue, farmers may need to explore alternative inputs, such as organic fertilizers and bio pesticides, or adopt more efficient farming practices. Despite these challenges, modern farming also presents numerous opportunities. Technological advancements, such as precision agriculture and automation, can help farmers improve their efficiency and profitability. Additionally, the growing demand for sustainable and locally produced food can create new markets for farmers who prioritize environmentally friendly practices. In conclusion, modern farming is a complex and dynamic industry that faces both challenges and opportunities. By addressing the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities, farmers can ensure a sustainable and prosperous future for agriculture. The second Text highlights a major challenge facing modern farming. What is this challenge?

Read Text 1 and Text 2, then answer the question. Text 1 Modern farms have undergone a significant transformation in recent years, driven by technological advancements. These innovations have revolutionized agricultural practices, leading to increased efficiency, sustainability, and productivity. One of the most notable developments in modern farming is the widespread adoption of precision agriculture. This technology involves the use of data analytics, GPS, and sensors to collect and analyze information about soil conditions, crop health, and weather patterns. This data is then used to optimize resource allocation, minimize waste, and maximize yields. For example, farmers can use precision agriculture to apply fertilizers and pesticides only where they are needed, reducing environmental impact and costs. Another key trend in modern farming is the increasing use of automation. Robotic systems are being deployed to perform tasks such as planting, harvesting, and weeding, reducing the need for manual labor and improving efficiency. Additionally, automated systems can monitor crops and detect problems early on, allowing farmers to take corrective action before significant damage occurs. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is also becoming more common on modern farms. This helps to reduce the farm's carbon footprint and lower energy costs. Furthermore, renewable energy can be used to power equipment and machinery, making farms more self-sufficient. In conclusion, modern farms are at the forefront of technological innovation. By embracing precision agriculture, automation, and renewable energy, farmers are able to improve their operations, enhance sustainability, and meet the growing demand for food. Text 2 While modern farming has made significant strides in recent years, it also faces a number of challenges. One of the most pressing issues is the impact of climate change on agricultural production. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and changes in precipitation patterns can disrupt crop growth and reduce yields. Farmers must adapt their practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, such as adopting drought-resistant crops and investing in irrigation systems. Another challenge facing modern farming is the increasing cost of inputs, such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. These rising costs can reduce profitability for farmers, especially small-scale operations. To address this issue, farmers may need to explore alternative inputs, such as organic fertilizers and bio pesticides, or adopt more efficient farming practices. Despite these challenges, modern farming also presents numerous opportunities. Technological advancements, such as precision agriculture and automation, can help farmers improve their efficiency and profitability. Additionally, the growing demand for sustainable and locally produced food can create new markets for farmers who prioritize environmentally friendly practices. In conclusion, modern farming is a complex and dynamic industry that faces both challenges and opportunities. By addressing the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities, farmers can ensure a sustainable and prosperous future for agriculture. Both Texts discuss the potential of technology to improve modern farming. Which of the following is an example of this technology?

Read Text 1 and Text 2, then answer the question. Text 1 Modern farms have undergone a significant transformation in recent years, driven by technological advancements. These innovations have revolutionized agricultural practices, leading to increased efficiency, sustainability, and productivity. One of the most notable developments in modern farming is the widespread adoption of precision agriculture. This technology involves the use of data analytics, GPS, and sensors to collect and analyze information about soil conditions, crop health, and weather patterns. This data is then used to optimize resource allocation, minimize waste, and maximize yields. For example, farmers can use precision agriculture to apply fertilizers and pesticides only where they are needed, reducing environmental impact and costs. Another key trend in modern farming is the increasing use of automation. Robotic systems are being deployed to perform tasks such as planting, harvesting, and weeding, reducing the need for manual labor and improving efficiency. Additionally, automated systems can monitor crops and detect problems early on, allowing farmers to take corrective action before significant damage occurs. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is also becoming more common on modern farms. This helps to reduce the farm's carbon footprint and lower energy costs. Furthermore, renewable energy can be used to power equipment and machinery, making farms more self-sufficient. In conclusion, modern farms are at the forefront of technological innovation. By embracing precision agriculture, automation, and renewable energy, farmers are able to improve their operations, enhance sustainability, and meet the growing demand for food. Text 2 While modern farming has made significant strides in recent years, it also faces a number of challenges. One of the most pressing issues is the impact of climate change on agricultural production. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and changes in precipitation patterns can disrupt crop growth and reduce yields. Farmers must adapt their practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, such as adopting drought-resistant crops and investing in irrigation systems. Another challenge facing modern farming is the increasing cost of inputs, such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. These rising costs can reduce profitability for farmers, especially small-scale operations. To address this issue, farmers may need to explore alternative inputs, such as organic fertilizers and bio pesticides, or adopt more efficient farming practices. Despite these challenges, modern farming also presents numerous opportunities. Technological advancements, such as precision agriculture and automation, can help farmers improve their efficiency and profitability. Additionally, the growing demand for sustainable and locally produced food can create new markets for farmers who prioritize environmentally friendly practices. In conclusion, modern farming is a complex and dynamic industry that faces both challenges and opportunities. By addressing the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities, farmers can ensure a sustainable and prosperous future for agriculture. Which of the following is a potential opportunity for modern farming, as discussed in the second Text?

Based on the information in both Texts, which of the following statements is most accurate?

The following text is for the questions numbered 15–20. Text 1 The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a critically endangered subspecies of tiger native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is the smallest living tiger subspecies, with males typically weighing between 130 and 230 pounds (59–104 kg) and females weighing between 90 and 130 pounds (41–59 kg). Sumatran tigers have distinctive orange fur with black stripes, and their tails are relatively short compared to other tiger subspecies. Habitat loss due to deforestation, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict are the primary threats to the Sumatran tiger. The loss of their forest habitat has led to a decline in prey populations, making it difficult for tigers to find food. Poaching for tiger parts, such as their bones and skin, is another major threat. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict can result in tigers being killed in retaliation for attacks on livestock or humans. Conservation efforts are underway to protect the Sumatran tiger and its habitat. These efforts include establishing protected areas, anti-poaching patrols, and captive breeding programs. However, the Sumatran tiger remains at risk of extinction due to the ongoing threats to its survival. Text 2 The Javanese tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) is extinct. It was once found on the Indonesian island of Java, but the last confirmed sighting of a wild Javanese tiger was in 1979. The Javanese tiger was smaller than other tiger subspecies, with males typically weighing around 140 pounds (64 kg) and females weighing around 100 pounds (45 kg). Its fur was similar to that of the Sumatran tiger, with orange fur and black stripes. The Javanese tiger became extinct due to a combination of factors, including habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. Deforestation for agriculture and development led to the loss of the tiger's habitat and prey base. Poaching for tiger parts, such as their bones and skin, was also a significant threat. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict resulted in the killing of tigers in retaliation for attacks on livestock or humans. Despite conservation efforts, the Javanese tiger was unable to survive the pressures of human activity on the island of Java. Its extinction is a stark reminder of the importance of protecting wildlife and their habitats. What is the primary difference between the Sumatran tiger and the Javanese tiger?

The following text is for the questions numbered 15–20. Text 1 The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a critically endangered subspecies of tiger native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is the smallest living tiger subspecies, with males typically weighing between 130 and 230 pounds (59–104 kg) and females weighing between 90 and 130 pounds (41–59 kg). Sumatran tigers have distinctive orange fur with black stripes, and their tails are relatively short compared to other tiger subspecies. Habitat loss due to deforestation, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict are the primary threats to the Sumatran tiger. The loss of their forest habitat has led to a decline in prey populations, making it difficult for tigers to find food. Poaching for tiger parts, such as their bones and skin, is another major threat. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict can result in tigers being killed in retaliation for attacks on livestock or humans. Conservation efforts are underway to protect the Sumatran tiger and its habitat. These efforts include establishing protected areas, anti-poaching patrols, and captive breeding programs. However, the Sumatran tiger remains at risk of extinction due to the ongoing threats to its survival. Text 2 The Javanese tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) is extinct. It was once found on the Indonesian island of Java, but the last confirmed sighting of a wild Javanese tiger was in 1979. The Javanese tiger was smaller than other tiger subspecies, with males typically weighing around 140 pounds (64 kg) and females weighing around 100 pounds (45 kg). Its fur was similar to that of the Sumatran tiger, with orange fur and black stripes. The Javanese tiger became extinct due to a combination of factors, including habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. Deforestation for agriculture and development led to the loss of the tiger's habitat and prey base. Poaching for tiger parts, such as their bones and skin, was also a significant threat. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict resulted in the killing of tigers in retaliation for attacks on livestock or humans. Despite conservation efforts, the Javanese tiger was unable to survive the pressures of human activity on the island of Java. Its extinction is a stark reminder of the importance of protecting wildlife and their habitats. What is the main threat to the Sumatran tiger's survival?

The following text is for the questions numbered 15–20. Text 1 The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a critically endangered subspecies of tiger native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is the smallest living tiger subspecies, with males typically weighing between 130 and 230 pounds (59–104 kg) and females weighing between 90 and 130 pounds (41–59 kg). Sumatran tigers have distinctive orange fur with black stripes, and their tails are relatively short compared to other tiger subspecies. Habitat loss due to deforestation, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict are the primary threats to the Sumatran tiger. The loss of their forest habitat has led to a decline in prey populations, making it difficult for tigers to find food. Poaching for tiger parts, such as their bones and skin, is another major threat. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict can result in tigers being killed in retaliation for attacks on livestock or humans. Conservation efforts are underway to protect the Sumatran tiger and its habitat. These efforts include establishing protected areas, anti-poaching patrols, and captive breeding programs. However, the Sumatran tiger remains at risk of extinction due to the ongoing threats to its survival. Text 2 The Javanese tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) is extinct. It was once found on the Indonesian island of Java, but the last confirmed sighting of a wild Javanese tiger was in 1979. The Javanese tiger was smaller than other tiger subspecies, with males typically weighing around 140 pounds (64 kg) and females weighing around 100 pounds (45 kg). Its fur was similar to that of the Sumatran tiger, with orange fur and black stripes. The Javanese tiger became extinct due to a combination of factors, including habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. Deforestation for agriculture and development led to the loss of the tiger's habitat and prey base. Poaching for tiger parts, such as their bones and skin, was also a significant threat. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict resulted in the killing of tigers in retaliation for attacks on livestock or humans. Despite conservation efforts, the Javanese tiger was unable to survive the pressures of human activity on the island of Java. Its extinction is a stark reminder of the importance of protecting wildlife and their habitats. Why did the Javanese tiger become extinct?

The following text is for the questions numbered 15–20. Text 1 The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a critically endangered subspecies of tiger native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is the smallest living tiger subspecies, with males typically weighing between 130 and 230 pounds (59–104 kg) and females weighing between 90 and 130 pounds (41–59 kg). Sumatran tigers have distinctive orange fur with black stripes, and their tails are relatively short compared to other tiger subspecies. Habitat loss due to deforestation, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict are the primary threats to the Sumatran tiger. The loss of their forest habitat has led to a decline in prey populations, making it difficult for tigers to find food. Poaching for tiger parts, such as their bones and skin, is another major threat. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict can result in tigers being killed in retaliation for attacks on livestock or humans. Conservation efforts are underway to protect the Sumatran tiger and its habitat. These efforts include establishing protected areas, anti-poaching patrols, and captive breeding programs. However, the Sumatran tiger remains at risk of extinction due to the ongoing threats to its survival. Text 2 The Javanese tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) is extinct. It was once found on the Indonesian island of Java, but the last confirmed sighting of a wild Javanese tiger was in 1979. The Javanese tiger was smaller than other tiger subspecies, with males typically weighing around 140 pounds (64 kg) and females weighing around 100 pounds (45 kg). Its fur was similar to that of the Sumatran tiger, with orange fur and black stripes. The Javanese tiger became extinct due to a combination of factors, including habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. Deforestation for agriculture and development led to the loss of the tiger's habitat and prey base. Poaching for tiger parts, such as their bones and skin, was also a significant threat. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict resulted in the killing of tigers in retaliation for attacks on livestock or humans. Despite conservation efforts, the Javanese tiger was unable to survive the pressures of human activity on the island of Java. Its extinction is a stark reminder of the importance of protecting wildlife and their habitats. What are some of the conservation efforts being undertaken to protect the Sumatran tiger? (choose 3)

The following text is for the questions numbered 15–20. Text 1 The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a critically endangered subspecies of tiger native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is the smallest living tiger subspecies, with males typically weighing between 130 and 230 pounds (59–104 kg) and females weighing between 90 and 130 pounds (41–59 kg). Sumatran tigers have distinctive orange fur with black stripes, and their tails are relatively short compared to other tiger subspecies. Habitat loss due to deforestation, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict are the primary threats to the Sumatran tiger. The loss of their forest habitat has led to a decline in prey populations, making it difficult for tigers to find food. Poaching for tiger parts, such as their bones and skin, is another major threat. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict can result in tigers being killed in retaliation for attacks on livestock or humans. Conservation efforts are underway to protect the Sumatran tiger and its habitat. These efforts include establishing protected areas, anti-poaching patrols, and captive breeding programs. However, the Sumatran tiger remains at risk of extinction due to the ongoing threats to its survival. Text 2 The Javanese tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) is extinct. It was once found on the Indonesian island of Java, but the last confirmed sighting of a wild Javanese tiger was in 1979. The Javanese tiger was smaller than other tiger subspecies, with males typically weighing around 140 pounds (64 kg) and females weighing around 100 pounds (45 kg). Its fur was similar to that of the Sumatran tiger, with orange fur and black stripes. The Javanese tiger became extinct due to a combination of factors, including habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. Deforestation for agriculture and development led to the loss of the tiger's habitat and prey base. Poaching for tiger parts, such as their bones and skin, was also a significant threat. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict resulted in the killing of tigers in retaliation for attacks on livestock or humans. Despite conservation efforts, the Javanese tiger was unable to survive the pressures of human activity on the island of Java. Its extinction is a stark reminder of the importance of protecting wildlife and their habitats. How are the Sumatran tiger and the Javanese tiger similar?

The following text is for the questions numbered 15–20. Text 1 The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a critically endangered subspecies of tiger native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is the smallest living tiger subspecies, with males typically weighing between 130 and 230 pounds (59–104 kg) and females weighing between 90 and 130 pounds (41–59 kg). Sumatran tigers have distinctive orange fur with black stripes, and their tails are relatively short compared to other tiger subspecies. Habitat loss due to deforestation, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict are the primary threats to the Sumatran tiger. The loss of their forest habitat has led to a decline in prey populations, making it difficult for tigers to find food. Poaching for tiger parts, such as their bones and skin, is another major threat. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict can result in tigers being killed in retaliation for attacks on livestock or humans. Conservation efforts are underway to protect the Sumatran tiger and its habitat. These efforts include establishing protected areas, anti-poaching patrols, and captive breeding programs. However, the Sumatran tiger remains at risk of extinction due to the ongoing threats to its survival. Text 2 The Javanese tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) is extinct. It was once found on the Indonesian island of Java, but the last confirmed sighting of a wild Javanese tiger was in 1979. The Javanese tiger was smaller than other tiger subspecies, with males typically weighing around 140 pounds (64 kg) and females weighing around 100 pounds (45 kg). Its fur was similar to that of the Sumatran tiger, with orange fur and black stripes. The Javanese tiger became extinct due to a combination of factors, including habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. Deforestation for agriculture and development led to the loss of the tiger's habitat and prey base. Poaching for tiger parts, such as their bones and skin, was also a significant threat. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict resulted in the killing of tigers in retaliation for attacks on livestock or humans. Despite conservation efforts, the Javanese tiger was unable to survive the pressures of human activity on the island of Java. Its extinction is a stark reminder of the importance of protecting wildlife and their habitats. Why is the extinction of the Javanese tiger a stark reminder of the importance of protecting wildlife?