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PIPE - ELEMENTS 1.1

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the purpose of a surge tank in hydro plants?

a)

To absorb water hammer effects

b)

To store water permanently

c)

To condense water vapor

d)

To increase gross head

2.

Which code governs boiler design and safety?

a)

NEC Code

b)

API Standard

c)

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

d)

ISO 9001

3.

Which factor reduces condenser vacuum?

a)

Air leakage and higher cooling water temperature

b)

Good sealing

c)

High exhaust enthalpy

d)

Lower cooling water temperature

4.

Which parameter is maximized in combined cycle plant design?

a)

Frequency

b)

Overall cycle efficiency

c)

Cooling water flow

d)

Power factor

5.

What is the Nusselt number a ratio of?

a)

Convective to conductive heat transfer

b)

Inertial to viscous forces

c)

Viscous to thermal diffusion

d)

Momentum to energy transfer

6.

Which device protects penstock against pressure surge?

a)

Surge tank

b)

Spillway

c)

Francis turbine

d)

Draft tube

7.

What is the main advantage of open-cycle gas turbines?

a)

Low specific fuel consumption

b)

High part-load efficiency

c)

Low installation cost and quick startup

d)

High thermal efficiency

8.

What is the advantage of combined cycle over simple gas turbine plants?

a)

Smaller space requirement

b)

Lower maintenance

c)

No cooling required

d)

Higher efficiency due to waste heat recovery

9.

What is the likely cause of blue exhaust smoke?

a)

Lube oil burning

b)

High sulfur fuel

c)

Unburnt diesel fuel

d)

Water carryover

10.

What is the effect of reheating in a gas turbine cycle?

a)

Lowers fuel consumption

b)

Reduces exhaust temperature

c)

Decreases work output

d)

Increases specific work output

11.

The principal reason for using pulverized coal in boilers is to

a)

Reduce sulfur content

b)

Reduce ash fusion temperature

c)

Increase calorific value

d)

Increase surface area for faster combustion

12.

What is the role of supplementary duct firing?

a)

To lower HRSG temperature

b)

To reduce steam generation

c)

To increase peaking power output

d)

To reduce condenser pressure

13.

Which process occurs in the bottoming steam cycle?

a)

Isothermal

b)

Adiabatic heating

c)

Constant volume combustion

d)

Rankine cycle expansion and condensation

14.

What is the primary advantage of gas turbines over steam turbines?

a)

Lower capital cost and faster startup

b)

Lower fuel consumption

c)

Higher efficiency at base load

d)

Higher part-load efficiency

15.

Which type of HRSG offers fast startup?

a)

Once-through HRSG

b)

Drum HRSG

c)

Natural draft HRSG

d)

Reheat HRSG

16.

What is the main purpose of the lube oil cooler?

a)

To evaporate moisture in oil

b)

To increase oil pressure

c)

To maintain oil viscosity within limits

d)

To heat the lube oil

17.

Which factor improves steam turbine reliability?

a)

Poor sealing

b)

High condenser pressure

c)

Proper lubrication and alignment

d)

Wet steam expansion

18.

Which device ensures boiler water does not overheat the furnace?

a)

Blowdown valve

b)

Fusible plug

c)

Safety valve

d)

Thermostat

19.

Which parameter must be optimized for maximum combined cycle efficiency?

a)

Fuel viscosity

b)

Turbine blade length

c)

Gas turbine exhaust temperature and steam cycle pressure levels

d)

Alternator capacity

20.

What is the function of a power turbine in aeroderivative gas turbines?

a)

To drive external load independent of compressor turbine

b)

To reheat air

c)

To reduce exhaust losses

d)

To compress air

21.

Which factor reduces hydro plant availability?

a)

Seasonal variation in water

b)

Draft tube angle

c)

Generator excitation control

d)

Synchronous speed

22.

What is the purpose of an intercooler in a turbocharged diesel engine?

a)

To cool exhaust gases

b)

To condense fuel vapors

c)

To heat the intake air

d)

To reduce intake air temperature and increase density

23.

Which type of gas turbine cycle is also called the Brayton cycle?

a)

Dual cycle

b)

Constant pressure cycle

c)

Constant volume cycle

d)

Dual cycle

24.

Which protection trips a generator on reverse power flow to the prime mover?

a)

27 relay

b)

81 relay

c)

32 relay

d)

50/51 relay

25.

What is the main loss in HRSG efficiency?

a)

Stack gas temperature loss

b)

Turbine Inction

c)

Cooling water pressure loss

d)

Fuel atomization loss

26.

What does effectiveness of a heat exchanger represent?

a)

Heat exchanger area ratio

b)

Ratio of LMTD to NTU

c)

Actual heat transfer/Maximum possible heat transfer

d)

Minimum heat transfer/Maximum heat transfer

27.

Which cycle is followed in gas turbine with intercooling, reheating, and regeneration?

a)

Rankine cycle

b)

Modified Brayton cycle

c)

Stirling cycle

d)

Otto cycle

28.

Which practice keeps alternator clean in dusty sites?

a)

No filters

b)

Open doors

c)

Periodic cleaning and filtered ventilation

d)

Overexcitation

29.

Which factor determines net plant output?

a)

Steam turbine only

b)

Gas turbine only

c)

Gas turbine power + Steam turbine power - Auxiliary consumption

d)

HRSG losses only

30.

Which part of boiler absorbs radiant heat from the furnace?

a)

Air preheater

b)

Economizer

c)

Waterwall tubes

d)

Superheater

31.

The latent heat of condensation of water vapor is significant when computing:

a)

Adiabatic flame temperature

b)

LHV

c)

HHV

d)

Stoichiometric ratio

32.

What is the advantage of combined cycle over simple gas turbine plants?

a)

Smaller space requirement

b)

No cooling required

c)

Higher efficiency due to waste heat recovery

d)

Lower maintenance

33.

Which dimensionless number is used to calculate radiative heat transfer between surfaces?

a)

Radiation shape factor

b)

Nusselt number

c)

Biot number

d)

View factor

34.

Which arrangement typically couples the alternator to the diesel engine?

a)

Belt drive

b)

Direct flexible coupling

c)

Chain drive

d)

Gearbox with clutch

35.

Which process occurs at constant volume?

a)

Adiabatic

b)

Isochoric

c)

Isothermal

d)

Isobaric

36.

What is the function of an economizer?

a)

To superheat steam

b)

To preheat feedwater using flue gas

c)

To condense exhaust steam

d)

To increase combustion efficiency

37.

What is the purpose of a pumped storage hydro plant in a variable load network?

a)

To reduce water hardness

b)

To increase boiler pressure

c)

To store electrical energy for peak demand

d)

To supply constant base load

38.

Which efficiency is turbine output/water input at nozzle?

a)

Volumetric efficiency

b)

Hydraulic efficiency

c)

Overall efficiency

d)

Plant efficiency

39.

Which fuel-burning equipment is commonly used in coal-fired steam plants?

a)

Stoker or pulverized coal burner

b)

Gas turbine burner

c)

Hand-firing only

d)

Diesel injector

40.

Which factor reduces hydro plant availability?

a)

Synchronous speed

b)

Seasonal variation in water

c)

Draft tube angle

d)

Generator excitation

41.

Which turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine?

a)

Kaplan turbine

b)

Turgo turbine

c)

Francis turbine

d)

Pelton wheel

42.

Which factor determines the optimum pressure ratio for maximum efficiency?

a)

Compressor material

b)

Exhaust duct length

c)

Turbine inlet temperature and γ of gas

d)

Fuel type only

43.

Which turbine operates efficiently under variable load with adjustable blades?

a)

Kaplan turbine

b)

Turgo wheel

c)

Francis turbine

d)

Pelton wheel

44.

Which turbine runner has twisted blades?

a)

Kaplan turbine

b)

Francis turbine

c)

Bulb turbine

d)

Pelton wheel

45.

Which type of dam is most economical for narrow valleys?

a)

Gravity dam

b)

Earthen dam

c)

Rock-fill dam

d)

Arch dam

46.

Which unit is used to measure water hammer pressure?

a)

rpm

b)

Hz

c)

m/s

d)

N/m^2 (Pa)

47.

Which component in a combined cycle plant produces electricity first?

a)

Condenser

b)

Gas turbine

c)

Cooling tower

d)

Steam turbine

48.

Which efficiency is defined as (Gross Generation - Auxiliary Power) / Fuel Input?

a)

Net plant efficiency

b)

Boiler efficiency

c)

Heat rate

d)

Gross efficiency

49.

What is the term for a system that can exchange energy but not mass with its surroundings?

a)

Open system

b)

Isolated system

c)

Adiabatic system

d)

Closed system

50.

Which device is used to measure steam dryness fraction?

a)

Bourdon gauge

b)

Calorimeter

c)

Tachometer

d)

Manometer

51.

Which efficiency measures turbine expansion performance?

a)

Thermal efficiency

b)

Isentropic efficiency

c)

Mechanical efficiency

d)

Relative efficiency

52.

What is the purpose of a muffler in an IC engine?

a)

To control emission of nitrogen oxides

b)

To reduce intake air temperature

c)

To increase exhaust pressure

d)

To reduce engine noise from exhaust gases

53.

Which factor improves Rankine cycle efficiency?

a)

High boiler pressure and low condenser pressure

b)

Low turbine inlet temperature

c)

Low feedwater temperature

d)

High moisture content

54.

What is the purpose of supplementary firing in HRSG?

a)

To reduce turbine inlet pressure

b)

To lower emissions

c)

To increase steam production using duct burners

d)

To reduce HRSG efficiency

55.

Which law is the basis for steam expansion analysis?

a)

Boyle's law

b)

Newton's second law

c)

Dalton's law

d)

First law of thermodynamics

56.

Which method is commonly used to start large stationary diesel engines?

a)

Battery starter only

b)

Hydraulic braking

c)

Compressed air starting

d)

Hand cranking

57.

Which component extracts energy from hot gases to drive the compressor?

a)

Intercooler

b)

Power turbine

c)

Gas generator turbine

d)

Diffuser

58.

What is the main advantage of reheating steam?

a)

To reduce condenser vacuum

b)

To reduce boiler efficiency

c)

To lower fuel cost

d)

To increase turbine output and reduce blade moisture

59.

What is the unit of hydroelectric power output?

a)

kJ/kg

b)

kWkW or MWMW

c)

N·m

d)

kg/s

60.

Which HRSG section experiences highest fouling with liquid fuel?

a)

Reheater

b)

Evaporator

c)

Economizer

d)

Superheater

61.

Which safety device is fitted on boiler drums?

a)

Safety valve

b)

Air preheater

c)

Deaerator

d)

Economizer

62.

What is the main drawback of simple cycle gas turbines for base load operation?

a)

High load flexibility

b)

Low thermal efficiency compared to steam plants

c)

Low initial cost

d)

High frequency stability

63.

Which parameter primarily influences NOx formation in diesel combustion?

a)

Fuel sulfur content

b)

High flame temperature and residence time

c)

Lube oil alkalinity

d)

Cylinder pressure only

64.

Which parameter is adjusted to correct low power factor in plant operation?

a)

Excitation (AVR setpoint)

b)

Oil viscosity

c)

Speed

d)

Fuel cetane

65.

Which system controls exhaust emissions in modern SI engines?

a)

Supercharger

b)

Intercooler

c)

Catalytic converter

d)

Turbocharging

66.

Which emission is inherently low in natural gas-fired combined cycle plants?

a)

NOx

b)

CO

c)

SO2

d)

CO2

67.

Which law applies to velocity triangles in turbines?

a)

Euler's turbine equation

b)

Newton's second law

c)

Boyle's law

d)

Pascal's law

68.

Which cycle governs theoretical maximum CCPP efficiency?

a)

Carnot cycle

b)

Rankine cycle

c)

Brayton cycle

d)

Stirling cycle

69.

Which cycle efficiency increases with higher turbine inlet temperature?

a)

Diesel cycle

b)

Otto cycle

c)

Rankine cycle

d)

Carnot cycle

70.

Which steam turbine arrangement is typical in CCPP?

a)

Kaplan turbine

b)

Condensing turbine

c)

Back-pressure turbine

d)

Impulse turbine

71.

What is the function of a superheater in the HRSG?

a)

To condense steam

b)

To reduce turbine inlet temperature

c)

To increase feedwater pressure

d)

To increase steam temperature above saturation

72.

Which control maintains generator voltage in gas turbine plants?

a)

Diffuser

b)

AVR

c)

Fuel pump

d)

Speed governor

73.

Which factor determines turbine design speed?

a)

Generator voltage

b)

Head and discharge

c)

Reservoir type

d)

Dam type

74.

What is the advantage of dry cooling systems?

a)

Lower cost

b)

Higher efficiency

c)

Easier maintenance

d)

Lower water consumption

75.

Which device measures generator reactive power?

a)

VAR meter

b)

Frequency meter

c)

Ammeter

d)

Wattmeter

76.

Which boiler loss is due to incomplete combustion?

a)

CO loss

b)

Moisture loss

c)

Radiation loss

d)

Flue gas loss

77.

What is the relation between work ratio and thermal efficiency in gas turbines?

a)

Both increase simultaneously

b)

Equal

c)

Inversely related

d)

Independent

78.

What is the primary cooling medium in air-cooled condensers?

a)

Steam

b)

Water

c)

Refrigerant

d)

Air

79.

What is the advantage of HFO-to-diesel changeover in dual-fuel plants before shutdown?

a)

To clog filters

b)

To lower frequency

c)

To purge heavy fuel from system for easier restart

d)

To increase sulfur content

80.

Which emission is mainly regulated in CCCPP by SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction)?

a)

CO

b)

NOx

c)

CO2

d)

SO2

81.

What is the function of a dam in hydro power plants?

a)

To store water and create potential head

b)

To condense steam

c)

To superheat steam

d)

To cool turbines

82.

Which factor increases turbine efficiency?

a)

High draft tube losses

b)

Air leakage

c)

Proper blade design and cavitation control

d)

High vibration

83.

Which type of alternator rotor is typical in gensets?

a)

Salient pole rotor

b)

Cylindrical rotor at 3000 rpm only

c)

DC commutator

d)

Squirrel cage

84.

Which turbine stage operates with highest pressure?

a)

Intermediate turbine

b)

Low-pressure turbine

c)

Last stage

d)

High-pressure turbine

85.

In the combustion of sulfur, 1 kg of sulfur requires about how many kg of oxygen?

a)

2.0

b)

1.0

c)

0.5

d)

3.0

86.

Which factor determines gas turbine efficiency in CCCPP?

a)

Pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature

b)

Cooling water flow

c)

Fuel viscosity

d)

Condenser vacuum

87.

What is the normal power factor target for grid-parallel diesel generators?

a)

1.0 leading

b)

0.8 leading

c)

0.5 lagging

d)

0.8–0.9 lagging

88.

Which turbine uses both fixed and moving nozzles?

a)

Reaction turbine

b)

Curtis turbine

c)

Rateau turbine

d)

Parsons turbine

89.

Which section of HRSG may require attenuation?

a)

Evaporator

b)

Preheater

c)

Economizer

d)

Superheater

90.

Which property is improved by regenerative feed heating?

a)

Moisture content

b)

Plant thermal efficiency

c)

Fuel calorific value

d)

Condenser pressure

91.

What is the purpose of deaerator storage tank?

a)

To condense steam

b)

To improve HRSG efficiency

c)

To provide reserve feedwater and remove oxygen

d)

To reduce emissions

92.

Which combustion chamber type is commonly used in stationary gas turbines?

a)

Can

b)

Can-annular

c)

Annular

d)

Tubular

93.

An increase in excess air generally:

a)

Lowers flame temperature

b)

Increases CO formation

c)

Has no effect on temperature

d)

Increases flame temperature

94.

Which property is controlled in condensate polishing unit?

a)

HRSG efficiency

b)

Exhaust temperature

c)

Fuel viscosity

d)

Dissolved solids and conductivity

95.

What happens to condenser duty when load decreases significantly?

a)

Duty increases

b)

Duty oscillates

c)

Duty decreases

d)

Duty remains constant

96.

Which process is used in steam nozzles?

a)

Isothermal expansion

b)

Adiabatic expansion

c)

Constant pressure expansion

d)

Isochoric compression

97.

Which device is used to measure steam dryness fraction?

a)

Calorimeter

b)

Tachometer

c)

Manometer

d)

Bourdon gauge

98.

Which HRSG component experiences the largest temperature differential?

a)

Superheater

b)

Economizer

c)

Evaporator

d)

Reheater

99.

Which parameter is controlled in deaerator?

a)

Oxygen and dissolved gases

b)

Condenser vacuum

c)

Superheat temperature

d)

Feedwater flow

100.

Which cycle efficiency increases with higher GT pressure ratio?

a)

Otto cycle

b)

Brayton cycle

c)

Diesel cycle

d)

Rankine cycle

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