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PIPE ELEMENTS 3.2

Total questions: 105

Worksheet time: 53mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which loss occurs if boiler tubes overheat?

a)

Reduced condenser pressure

b)

Poor turbine efficiency

c)

Tube failure due to scaling or poor circulation

d)

Moisture carryover

2.

Which cooling method is preferred in water-scarce regions for combined cycle plants?

a)

Wet cooling tower

b)

Spray pond

c)

Once-through cooling

d)

Dry cooling tower (air-cooled condenser)

3.

Which system maintains turbine bearing lubrication after trip?

a)

Feedwater pump

b)

Steam bypass

c)

Jacking oil pump

d)

Emergency DC oil pump

4.

Which law defines convective heat transfer?

a)

Fourier's law

b)

Stefan-Boltzmann law

c)

Dalton's law

d)

Newton's law of cooling

5.

Which efficiency is turbine output/water input energy?

a)

Volumetric efficiency

b)

Hydraulic efficiency

c)

Mechanical efficiency

d)

Overall efficiency

6.

Which code governs boiler design and safety?

a)

ISO 9001

b)

NEC Code

c)

API Standard

d)

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

7.

Which cycle governs the operation of hydro power plants?

a)

Water cycle

b)

Otto cycle

c)

Rankine cycle

d)

Brayton cycle

8.

Which device increases the temperature of steam above saturation temperature?

a)

Superheater

b)

Deaerator

c)

Economizer

d)

Evaporator

9.

Which cooling configuration uses a radiator and fan for remote installations?

a)

Once-through seawater

b)

Spray condenser

c)

Plate heat exchanger to cooling tower

d)

Closed-circuit air-cooled radiator

10.

Which factor reduces heat transfer in economizer tubes?

a)

Fouling and soot deposition

b)

High water velocity

c)

Low gas temperature

d)

Low steam pressure

11.

What is the main advantage of reheating steam?

a)

To increase turbine output and reduce blade moisture

b)

To reduce boiler efficiency

c)

To lower fuel cost

d)

To reduce condenser vacuum

12.

The Reid vapor pressure test is used to determine:

a)

Moisture of coal

b)

Flash point of heavy fuel oil

c)

Volatility of gasoline

d)

Cetane number of diesel

13.

Which type of turbine uses nozzles and moving blades?

a)

Pelton wheel

b)

Impulse turbine

c)

Reaction turbine

d)

Kaplan turbine

14.

Which technology enhances flexibility of coal-fired plants for variable load operation?

a)

Fixed pressure with manual valves

b)

Constant full-load firing

c)

Sliding pressure operation with advanced controls

d)

Simple once-through with no control

15.

The main combustible constituent of biogas is:

a)

CH4

b)

CO2

c)

H2

d)

CO

16.

What is the effect of adding a regenerator to a Brayton cycle?

a)

Reduces compressor work only

b)

Increases thermal efficiency

c)

No effect on efficiency

d)

Decreases thermal efficiency

17.

What is the main difference between an internal combustion engine and an external combustion engine?

a)

Fuel is burned inside the engine cylinder in ICE

b)

Fuel is burned outside the cylinder in ICE

c)

ICE always uses steam as the working fluid

d)

ICE requires a boiler for operation

18.

Which factor reduces turbine efficiency during operation?

a)

Blade fouling and erosion

b)

Clean blades

c)

Good lubrication

d)

High superheat

19.

What is the main function of the combustor in a gas turbine?

a)

To compress air

b)

To add heat to compressed air at constant pressure

c)

To condense exhaust gases

d)

To expand air

20.

Which component directs air from compressor exit to combustor?

a)

Nozzle guide vane

b)

Exhaust plenum

c)

Transition duct

d)

Diffuser

21.

Which cycle efficiency depends mainly on pressure ratio?

a)

Brayton cycle

b)

Diesel cycle

c)

Otto cycle

d)

Rankine cycle

22.

Which material is widely used for turbine blades?

a)

Copper

b)

Nickel-based superalloys

c)

Aluminum

d)

Cast iron

23.

Which cooling configuration minimizes raw water fouling?

a)

Air-cooled radiator only

b)

Closed-loop jacket water with plate cooler

c)

Spray pond

d)

Open-loop direct seawater

24.

What is the function of an economizer?

a)

To increase combustion efficiency

b)

To superheat steam

c)

To preheat feedwater using flue gas

d)

To condense exhaust steam

25.

Which process in Rankine cycle is adiabatic?

a)

Heat addition in boiler

b)

Superheating

c)

Heat rejection in condenser

d)

Expansion in turbine and compression in pump

26.

Which cycle efficiency improves with superheating?

a)

Rankine cycle

b)

Dual cycle

c)

Diesel cycle

d)

Otto cycle

27.

Which maintenance ensures reliable air-start operation?

a)

Leaving drains closed

b)

Not testing solenoids

c)

Ignoring air leaks

d)

Maintaining air receivers, drains, and start valves

28.

What is the primary goal of load dispatch centers in a variable load system?

a)

To balance generation and demand in real time

b)

To increase fuel price

c)

To shut down non-essential loads

d)

To reduce condenser pressure

29.

Which factor is used to define compressor efficiency?

a)

Work ratio

b)

Heat balance

c)

Isentropic work/Actual work

d)

Actual work/Isentropic work

30.

Carbon deposition in combustion chambers is mainly caused by

a)

High hydrogen content

b)

Incomplete combustion and rich mixture

c)

Low sulfur content

d)

Excess air

31.

Which factor governs hydro plant site selection?

a)

Turbine speed

b)

Head, flow, and geology

c)

Transformer design

d)

Generator type

32.

Which parameter is measured in cumecs?

a)

Hydraulic efficiency

b)

Head

c)

Water flow rate (m^3/s)

d)

Power output

33.

Which method reduces auxiliary power consumption?

a)

High condenser pressure

b)

Poor insulation

c)

High fouling

d)

Efficient pumps, fans, and motors

34.

What is the function of water washing in gas turbines?

a)

To increase humidity

b)

To clean compressor blades and restore efficiency

c)

To cool exhaust gases

d)

To prevent icing

35.

Which auxiliary maintains boiler feedwater purity?

a)

Superheater

b)

Demineralization plant and deaerator

c)

Drum

d)

Condenser

36.

What is the function of a feedwater pump?

a)

To increase boiler pressure by pumping water into boiler

b)

To remove dissolved gases

c)

To superheat steam

d)

To condense steam

37.

Which section of HRSG is most prone to corrosion?

a)

Drum

b)

Economizer (low temperature zone)

c)

Superheater

d)

Evaporator

38.

What is the effect of adding supplementary firing in HRSG?

a)

Lowers HRSG pressure

b)

Reduces efficiency always

c)

Decreases steam production

d)

Increases steam generation and power output

39.

What is the approximate efficiency of a simple open-cycle gas turbine without modifications?

a)

5-10%

b)

15-25%

c)

30-35%

d)

50-60%

40.

Which type of power plant is most affected by variable load conditions?

a)

Geothermal

b)

Hydroelectric

c)

Wind

d)

Nuclear

41.

Which component filters particulate contaminants from diesel fuel before injection?

a)

Fuel strainer

b)

Cyclone separator

c)

Air filter

d)

Fuel filter/water separator

42.

What is the primary function of accessory gearboxes in gas turbines?

a)

To reduce emissions

b)

To drive pumps and auxiliary systems

c)

To increase turbine power

d)

To cool bearings

43.

Which safety device prevents boiler overpressure?

a)

Fusible plug

b)

Economizer

c)

Safety valve

d)

Pressure gauge

44.

Which method increases steam plant efficiency?

a)

Reducing boiler pressure

b)

High condenser temperature

c)

Poor fuel burning

d)

Regeneration and reheating

45.

Which fuel handling system is used in coal-based steam power plants?

a)

Diesel injection

b)

Pulverized coal handling system

c)

Gas handling

d)

Biomass feeder

46.

Which safety device prevents boiler overpressure?

a)

Safety valve

b)

Pressure gauge

c)

Fusible plug

d)

Economizer

47.

What is the main advantage of open-cycle gas turbines?

a)

High thermal efficiency

b)

High part-load efficiency

c)

Low specific fuel consumption

d)

Low installation cost and quick start-up

48.

Which part of the boiler receives feedwater first?

a)

Furnace

b)

Superheater

c)

Economizer

d)

Evaporator

49.

Which hydroelectric plant uses water stored during off-peak for reuse?

a)

Pumped storage plant

b)

Run-of-river plant

c)

Mini-hydro plant

d)

Tidal plant

50.

Which cycle efficiency is reduced by irreversibilities?

a)

Actual Rankine cycle

b)

Otto cycle

c)

Carnot cycle

d)

Ideal Rankine cycle

51.

Which type of compressor is generally used in aircraft gas turbines?

a)

Reciprocating compressor

b)

Scroll compressor

c)

Axial-flow compressor

d)

Centrifugal compressor

52.

Which process occurs in a feed pump?

a)

Isobaric heating

b)

Adiabatic expansion

c)

Isothermal expansion

d)

Isentropic compression of feedwater

53.

Which process has no heat transfer?

a)

Isothermal

b)

Isochoric

c)

Isobaric

d)

Adiabatic

54.

Which cycle modification lowers compressor work?

a)

Intercooling

b)

Regeneration

c)

Reheating

d)

Afterburning

55.

Which environmental factor affects hydro plant performance?

a)

Seasonal rainfall variation

b)

Boiler efficiency

c)

Fuel price

d)

Chimney height

56.

Which cycle is a modification of Rankine cycle with reheating?

a)

Simple cycle

b)

Reheat Rankine cycle

c)

Dual cycle

d)

Otto cycle

57.

Which factor increases boiler efficiency?

a)

Proper excess air and fuel control

b)

High flue gas loss

c)

Poor combustion

d)

High blowdown

58.

Which type of turbine drives the generator in the topping cycle?

a)

Kaplan turbine

b)

Steam turbine

c)

Gas turbine

d)

Hydraulic turbine

59.

What is the purpose of reheat in an HRSG steam cycle?

a)

To lower condenser pressure

b)

To increase exhaust temperature

c)

To improve steam turbine efficiency and reduce moisture

d)

To cool feedwater

60.

Flash point of a liquid fuel is the:

a)

Auto-ignition temperature

b)

Temperature at which it boils

c)

Temperature at which it gives off vapors to form an ignitable mixture

d)

Minimum temperature to ignite spontaneously

61.

Which turbine is used in high-pressure stages?

a)

Francis turbine

b)

Reaction turbine

c)

Kaplan turbine

d)

Impulse turbine

62.

Which law provides the absolute scale of temperature?

a)

Second law

b)

Zeroth law

c)

Third law

d)

First law

63.

Which factor increases cycle efficiency by reducing exhaust wetness?

a)

Higher condenser pressure

b)

Poor circulation

c)

Moisture separator

d)

Steam reheating

64.

Which efficiency is measured in kcal/kWh?

a)

Plant efficiency

b)

Boiler efficiency

c)

Heat rate

d)

Specific fuel consumption

65.

Which parameter defines overall plant efficiency?

a)

Flow rate / Power

b)

Hydraulic output / Mechanical input

c)

Gross head / Net head

d)

Electrical output / Hydraulic input

66.

Which parameter increases with higher condenser vacuum?

a)

Fuel consumption

b)

Exhaust pressure

c)

Turbine work output

d)

Steam temperature

67.

What is the typical action on reverse power alarm before trip?

a)

Increase excitation

b)

Investigate prime mover/fuel/governor and reduce import

c)

Open radiator louvers

d)

Do nothing

68.

What is the function of a regenerator in a gas turbine plant?

a)

To add heat from combustion

b)

To transfer heat from exhaust to compressed air

c)

To reduce compressor work

d)

To cool turbine blades

69.

Which cooling method uses water circulated through jackets around the engine cylinder?

a)

Evaporative cooling

b)

Radiator bypass cooling

c)

Water cooling

d)

Air cooling

70.

Which cycle efficiency increases with higher turbine inlet temperature?

a)

Carnot cycle

b)

Otto cycle

c)

Diesel cycle

d)

Rankine cycle

71.

What is the unit of specific thrust in jet gas turbines?

a)

kJ/kg

b)

J/mol

c)

N/kg.s

d)

kW/kg

72.

What is the outcome of poor cooling airflow in an enclosure?

a)

Lower noise

b)

Lower EGT

c)

Higher PF

d)

Overheating of engine and alternator

73.

What is the typical thermal efficiency of modern combined cycle plants?

a)

55-62%

b)

35-45%

c)

20-30%

d)

70-80%

74.

The ignition temperature of hydrogen is approximately:

a)

585 °C

b)

250 °C

c)

800 °C

d)

400 °C

75.

Which type of gas turbine cycle is also called the Brayton cycle?

a)

Ericsson cycle

b)

Constant pressure cycle

c)

Constant volume cycle

d)

Dual cycle

76.

Which parameter is used for preventive compressor washing intervals?

a)

Turbo speed and EGT trend/airflow drop

b)

Tank level

c)

PF

d)

Oil TBN

77.

Which parameter is kept constant in Brayton cycle heat addition?

a)

Entropy

b)

Volume

c)

Temperature

d)

Pressure

78.

Which condition indicates coolant pump failure?

a)

High PF

b)

Overheating and low flow reading

c)

Low coolant temperature

d)

Low EGT

79.

Which law is the basis for steam expansion analysis?

a)

Newton's second law

b)

Boyle's law

c)

First law of thermodynamics

d)

Dalton's law

80.

Which factor reduces generator efficiency in hydro plants?

a)

High reservoir level

b)

High water flow

c)

Low gross head

d)

Copper and iron losses

81.

What is the effect of turbocharging on specific fuel consumption at rated load?

a)

No effect

b)

Increases SFC

c)

Decreases SFC

d)

Doubles SFC

82.

Which factor governs chimney height?

a)

Draft requirement and dispersion of flue gases

b)

Condenser pressure

c)

Boiler circulation

d)

Fuel calorific value

83.

Which method reduces condenser tube fouling?

a)

High condenser pressure

b)

Increased steam flow

c)

Tube cleaning and proper cooling water treatment

d)

Higher feedwater temperature

84.

Which cycle is ideal for steam power plant analysis?

a)

Carnot cycle

b)

Diesel cycle

c)

Otto cycle

d)

Rankine cycle

85.

Which HRSG section is most sensitive to feedwater quality?

a)

Superheater

b)

Stack

c)

Reheater

d)

Economizer

86.

Which type of turbine uses nozzles and moving blades?

a)

Pelton wheel

b)

Impulse turbine

c)

Kaplan turbine

d)

Reaction turbine

87.

Which turbine is velocity compounded?

a)

Parsons turbine

b)

Curtis turbine

c)

Reaction turbine

d)

Kaplan turbine

88.

Which device converts work into heat?

a)

Compressor

b)

Turbine

c)

Pump

d)

Friction brake

89.

Which factor defines plant capacity factor?

a)

Actual energy generated / Maximum possible

b)

Flow / Gross head

c)

Load factor / Peak demand

d)

Reservoir volume / Net head

90.

Which event requires fuel system bleeding?

a)

Oil change

b)

Filter replacement/empty lines

c)

Normal running

d)

Battery test

91.

Which type of draft is economical in large plants?

a)

Forced draft

b)

Induced draft

c)

Balanced draft (forced + induced)

d)

Natural draft only

92.

Which engine cycle best represents a diesel engine?

a)

Brayton cycle

b)

Otto cycle

c)

Diesel cycle

d)

Diesel cycle

93.

Which gas constant is used for calculating ideal gas properties of air?

a)

0.287 kJ/kg-K

b)

0.831 kJ/kg-K

c)

3.814 kJ/kg-K

d)

1.0 kJ/kg-K

94.

What is the usual shutdown procedure after heavy loading?

a)

Cool down at no-load/low-load to stabilize temperatures

b)

Immediate stop

c)

Disconnect batteries

d)

Close radiator louvers

95.

Which emission is reduced in combined cycle plants compared to coal plants?

a)

CO2

b)

Nox

c)

SO2

d)

All of the choices

96.

What is the advantage of closed-cycle gas turbines?

a)

No cooling needed

b)

Simple construction

c)

Ability to use any working fluid and external heating

d)

Low cost

97.

Which property determines the maximum work obtainable from a system as it reaches equilibrium with surroundings?

a)

Specific volume

b)

Entropy

c)

Exergy

d)

Enthalpy

98.

What happens to heat rate when a steam plant operates below rated load?

a)

Heat rate remains constant

b)

Heat rate decreases

c)

Heat rate becomes independent of load

d)

Heat rate increases

99.

Which factor is most important for HRSG tube material selection?

a)

High temperature and corrosion resistance

b)

Low emissivity

c)

High thermal conductivity

d)

High density

100.

Which turbine is used in high-pressure stages?

a)

Kaplan turbine

b)

Francis turbine

c)

Impulse turbine

d)

Reaction turbine

101.

What is the benefit of power factor correction in a diesel plant?

a)

Lower voltage

b)

More fuel consumption

c)

Lower current and reduced losses

d)

Higher frequency

102.

Which generator characteristic determines its ability to handle sudden load change?

a)

Shaft length

b)

Cooling water temperature

c)

Inertia constant

d)

Rotor copper content

103.

Which factor governs condenser tube material selection?

a)

Chimney draft

b)

Corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity

c)

Fuel type

d)

Steam dryness fraction

104.

What typically causes diesel engine "runaway"?

a)

High water pH

b)

External fuel source like oil mist ingestion

c)

Weak starter battery

d)

Low injection pressure

105.

Which gas turbine auxiliary provides cooling during shutdown?

a)

Lube oil pump

b)

Turning gear

c)

Fire protection system

d)

Cooling fan system

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