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psych final

Total questions: 218

Worksheet time: 2hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

what is an authoritarian parent

a)

a parent who sets few rules and is very relaxed

b)

a parent who expects obedience without question

c)

a parent who uses negotiation and warmth

d)

a parent who lets kids make all decisions

2.

what nickname is given to authoritarian parents

a)

rubber band parent

b)

brick wall parent

c)

open door parent

d)

cloud parent

3.

what do authoritarian parents prioritize

a)

freedom

b)

warmth

c)

rules

d)

choices

4.

what beleif do authoritarian Parents hold

a)

kids should have total independence

b)

kids learn best through mistakes

c)

kids should obey without question

d)

kids should always be happy

5.

parenting styles are based on what

a)

a parents fav books

b)

random habits

c)

parents values and beliefs

d)

a childs personality alone

6.

parents develope their parenting style based on

a)

their own experiences growing up

b)

their favorite teachers

c)

what their friends say

d)

their childs fav hobbies

7.

most parents use

a)

only one strict style

b)

a combo of the parenting styles

c)

no parenting style

d)

the same style as their friends

8.

a parenting style is defined as

a)

a way parents decorate the home

b)

the type of food parents feed their kids

c)

the general manner parents communicate expectations

d)

the amount of money parents make

9.

what is chunking

a)

Chunking is a technique for memorizing large texts.

b)

grouping info into meaningful units

c)

Chunking is a style of writing in poetry.

d)

Chunking refers to breaking down physical objects.

10.

why does chunking improve memory

a)

Chunking improves memory by organizing information into manageable units.

b)

Chunking improves memory by eliminating unnecessary details.

c)

Chunking reduces memory capacity by complicating information.

d)

it organizes info into manageable units

11.

which is an example of chunking

a)

Reciting a poem from memory

b)

Learning a new language vocabulary

c)

Memorizing a list of grocery items

d)

Remembering a phone number in groups (e.g., 123-456-7890)

12.

what is the typical limit of short term memory

a)

The limit of short-term memory is 5 items.

b)

The typical limit of short-term memory is 7 plus or minus 2 items.

c)

Short-term memory can hold 10 items at once.

d)

The typical limit is 3 plus or minus 1 items.

13.

visual imagery helps memory because

a)

images take more time to process

b)

images slow down recall

c)

pictures create stronger memory associations

d)

images require no interpretation

14.

working memory is Best described as

a)

long term storage facts

b)

conscious active processing of info

c)

automatic memory without awareness

d)

permanent memory storage

15.

what improves the chance that info transfers to long term memory

a)

ignoring it

b)

rehearsal with intent to learn

c)

sleeping immediately

d)

multitasking while studying

16.

how is long term memory stored

a)

llike a filing cabinet of individual sheets

b)

by features , associations, and connections

c)

randomly with no pattern

d)

only as images

17.

which example shows long term memory retreival

a)

reading a list

b)

guessing randomly

c)

visualizing your childhood home

d)

forgetting your grocery list

18.

what is long term potentiation (LTP)

a)

the loss of neurons over time

b)

the idea that synapses strengthen when learning occurs

c)

fogetting due to interference

d)

a type of flashbulb memory

19.

why can someone often remember long term memories after a concussion but not short term memories

a)

concussions erease long term memory

b)

short term memories haven't been processed into long term storage yet

c)

the hippocampus stores short-term memory

d)

ltp stops completely

20.

what is flashbulb memory

a)

a memory of a dream

b)

a vivid memory of a surprising or emotional event

c)

a memory that fades quickley

d)

a memory based of only pics

21.

sematic memory refers to

a)

memory of your life story

b)

memory of skils

c)

knowledge of language, rules and meanings

d)

automatic responses

22.

episodic memory refers to

a)

facts and definitions

b)

memory and story of your own life

c)

motor skills like riding a bike

d)

emotions linked to memories

23.

explicit memory involves

a)

unconscious skills

b)

effortful, conscious recall of facts and events

c)

forgetting

d)

emotional triggers

24.

implicit memory involves

a)

skills and conditioning performed without conscious awareness

b)

memorizing definitions

c)

remembering stories

d)

learning a new languege

25.

which is an example of implicit memory

a)

reciting a poem

b)

telling someone how to tie a shoe

c)

automatically riding a bike

d)

learning dates for a test

26.

why do people struggle to verbally describe a skill they can perform well (like tying a tie)

a)

the skill is stored in explicit memory

b)

talking makes the skill harder

c)

the skill is stored in implicit memory and is unconscious

d)

people forget the steps

27.

where are implicit memories formed

a)

hippocampus

b)

amygdala

c)

cerebellum

d)

frontal lobe

28.

where are explicit memories formed

a)

cerebellum

b)

hippocampus and amygdala

c)

pons

d)

motor cortex

29.

which is the pons

a)

b)

c)

d)

30.

which is the cerebellum

a)

b)

c)

d)

31.

which is the medulla

a)

b)

c)

d)

32.

which is the brain stem

a)

b)

c)

d)

33.

which is the midbrain

a)

b)

c)

d)

34.

which is the olfactory bulb

a)

b)

c)

d)

35.

which is the pituitary gland

a)

b)

c)

d)

36.

which is the amygdala

a)

b)

c)

d)

37.

which is the hypothalamus

a)

b)

c)

d)

38.

which is the septum

a)

b)

c)

d)

39.

which is the corpus callosum

a)

b)

c)

d)

40.

which is the corpus thalamus

a)

b)

c)

d)

41.

Which color represents the cerebellum?

a)

Blue

b)

Pink

c)

Yellow

d)

Red

42.

Which color represents the frontal lobe?

a)

Yellow

b)

Pink

c)

Red

d)

Blue

43.

Label the Medulla Oblongata

a)

H

b)

K

c)

G

d)

J

44.

Which color represents the occipital lobe?

a)

Yellow

b)

Blue

c)

Pink

d)

Green

45.

Which color represents the temporal lobe?

a)

Blue

b)

Yellow

c)

Pink

d)

Green

46.

Which color represents the parietal lobe?

a)

Blue

b)

Pink

c)

Yellow

d)

Green

47.

Label the cerebellum

a)

I

b)

F

c)

E

d)

A

48.

Label the Pons

a)

A

b)

H

c)

C

d)

K

49.

Label the motor cortex

a)

B

b)

A

c)

D

d)

H

50.

Which labeled structure is the occipital lobe?

a)

5

b)

3

c)

2

d)

1

51.

This part of my brain is related to balance and muscle coordination

a)

brain stem

b)

pons

c)

midbrain

d)

cerebellum

52.

This portion of the brain stem is located just above the spinal cord. It regulates vital functions, such as heartbeat and breathing

a)

brain stem

b)

pons

c)

medulla o

53.

This part of my brain is related to balance and muscle coordination

a)

cerebellum

b)

cerebrum

c)

brainstem

d)

hippocampus

54.

The grooves (the lower part) on the surface of your brain are called:

a)

Sulcus (sulci - plural)

b)

Gyrus (gyri - plural)

c)

Brain valleys

55.

What part of the brain is responsible for vision?

a)

temporal lobe

b)

parietal lobe

c)

occipital lobe

d)

brain stem

56.

Which letter on the illustration represents the occipital lobe? 

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

57.
a)
Cerebrum
b)
Thalamus
c)
Cerebellum
d)
Pons
58.

Controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate

a)

Diencephalon

b)

Frontal Lobe

c)

Brain Stem

d)

Cerebellum

59.

Controls hearing, speaking coherently, and comprehension

a)

Frontal Lobe

b)

Temporal Lobe

c)

Occipital Lobe

d)

Parietal Lobe

60.

Which lobe is responsible for thinking, planning, problem solving, emotions, behavior control and decision making?

a)

Parietal Lobe

b)

Temporal Lobe

c)

Frontal Lobe

d)

Occipital Lobe

61.

What does the occipital-temporal region of the brain do?

a)

Produces speech

b)

Stores the appearance and meaning of words

c)

Segments a written word into its sounds

d)

Processes speech sounds as we listen and speak

62.

Which letter on the illustration represents the parietal lobe? 

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

63.

What part of the brain is Letter A pointing to?

a)

Frontal Lobe

b)

Cerebellum

c)

Medulla Oblongata

d)

Parietal Lobe

64.

What part of the brain is Letter D pointing to?

a)

Frontal Lobe

b)

Temporal Lobe

c)

Occipital Lobe

d)

Cerebellum

65.

Receives sensory input for touch and body position

a)

Parietal Lobe

b)

Frontal Lobe

c)

Occipital Lobe

d)

Temporal Lobe

66.

Controls hearing, speaking coherently, and comprehension

a)

Frontal Lobe

b)

Temporal Lobe

c)

Occipital Lobe

d)

Parietal Lobe

67.

What does the occipital-temporal region of the brain do?

a)

Produces speech

b)

Stores the appearance and meaning of words

c)

Segments a written word into its sounds

d)

Processes speech sounds as we listen and speak

68.

What are the four lobes in the brain?

a)

front, back, left side, right side

b)

frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal

69.

which is the basal ganglia

a)

b)

c)

d)

70.

which is the hippocampus

a)

b)

c)

d)

71.

which is the cerebrum

a)

b)

c)

d)

72.

which is the cerebral cortex

a)

b)

c)

d)

73.

what are retrieval cues

a)

tricks used to memorize lists

b)

stimuli that help you remember information

c)

info stored unconsciously

d)

techniques that erease memories

74.

which is an example of a retrieval cue

a)

a smell that reminds you of childhood

b)

writing flashcards

c)

guessing an answer

d)

forgetting your notes

75.

recognition is...

a)

remembering without cues

b)

identifying info from choices

c)

forgetting slowly

76.

Elvis Guitar Broke Down Friday helps me remember the order of musical notes. This is an example of

a)

The method of loci

b)

Spark Notes

c)

Cornell Notes

d)

Mnemonic Device

77.

What is the process of converting sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory called?

a)

Retrieval

b)

Encoding

c)

Storage

d)

Consolidation

78.

What is the first stage of memory where information is processed from the senses?

a)

Sensory memory

b)

Long-term memory

c)

Working memory

d)

Short-term memory

79.

recall is...

a)

knowing the answer when you see it

b)

retrieving info without cues

c)

storing events automatically

d)

relearning material faster

80.

Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with major depressive disorder?

a)

Compulsive hand washing

b)

Frequent hallucinations

c)

Persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest

d)

Elevated mood and excessive energy

81.

Which psychological disorder is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors?

a)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

b)

Generalized anxiety disorder

c)

Schizophrenia

d)

Bipolar disorder

82.

What is a common feature of anxiety disorders?

a)

Memory loss

b)

Delusions and disorganized speech

c)

Excessive fear or worry

d)

Manic episodes

83.

what are mnemonic devices?

a)

things that make memories fade

b)

subconscious blocks to memory

c)

memory tricks that help you recall info

d)

parts of the brain

84.

mood congruent memory means that you remember things that

a)

were memorized with visuals

b)

match the mood you're currently in

c)

were learned while multitasking

d)

are the most important to you

85.

what is absent mindedness

a)

forgetting due to not paying attention

b)

forgetting due to trauma

c)

confusing two memories

d)

recalling unwanted memories

86.

what is anxiety disorders

a)

putting your head between your legs

b)

repeated episodes of sudden feelings of intense anxiety and fear or terror that reach a peak within minutes

c)

breathing in and out really fast

d)

crying

87.

transience is..

a)

blocking painful memories

b)

memory fading over time

c)

learning something new

d)

remebering too much

88.

blocking is....

a)

erasing memories intentionally

b)

tip of the tongue phenomenon

c)

mixing up sources

d)

changing memories based on mood

89.

misattribution occurs when...

a)

you cant remember anything

b)

you confuse the source of a memory

c)

you add fake details

d)

you forget due to stress

90.

suggestibility means

a)

memory is altered by misleading information

b)

you intentionally lie

c)

you forget due to aging

d)

you remember irrelevant events

91.

bias refers to

a)

remembering more than you learned

b)

when your current beliefs reshape old memories

c)

confusing similar events

d)

trauma blocking memories

92.

persistence is....

a)

memories that wont go away

b)

the ability to memorize quickly

c)

forgetting facts

d)

recall without cues

93.

what is proactive interference

a)

new info blocks old info

b)

old info blocks new info

c)

forgetting trauma

d)

being unable to store new memories

94.

example of proactive interference

a)

learning Spanish makes you forget english

b)

your new password replaces your old one

c)

you keep typing your old phone number instead of your new one

d)

you cannot remember last night

95.

what is retroactive interference

a)

old info blocks new info

b)

new info blocks old info

c)

forgetting because of trauma

d)

learning without awarness

96.

example of retroactive interference

a)

forgetting your old address after learning your new one

b)

forgetting your new address

c)

being unable to learn multiplication

d)

remembering childhood events early

97.

eyewitness testimony is

a)

a police officers memory

b)

a witness memory of an event

c)

a lawyers statement

d)

video recording

98.

why is eyewitness testimony often unreiliable

a)

people always lie

b)

memory is reconstructive and inaccurate

c)

police force mistakes

d)

witnesses forget intentionally

99.

what percentage of wrongful convictions involved faulty eyewitnesses?

a)

10%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

about 75%

100.

which factor reduces eyewitness accuracy MOST

a)

good lighting

b)

police pressence

c)

stress and high emotion

d)

quiet envirement

101.

weapon focus effect means

a)

witnesses focus on criminals face

b)

witnesses focus on the weapon instead of details

c)

crimes with weapons create better memory

d)

weapons help identification

102.

leading questions are.....

a)

questions that are very hard

b)

questions that force a specific answer

c)

questions that test verbal ability

d)

questions that require long responses

103.

why are leading questions dangerous

a)

they confuse the criminal

b)

they create false memories

c)

they make witnesses angry

d)

they solve cases faster

104.

which is a leading question

a)

what did you see?

b)

describe the event

c)

was the man wearing a black hoodie?

d)

where were you standing

105.

lineups become inaccurate when

a)

all pictures match

b)

one photo stands out

c)

there are 8 people

d)

no one makes a guess

106.

the longer a witness takes to choose someone..

a)

the more confident they become

b)

the more accurate they are

c)

the less confident and less accurate they actually are

d)

the police trust them more

107.

confabulation is

a)

recalling everything perfectly

b)

intentionally lying

c)

filling in memory gaps with false details

d)

forgetting due to aging

108.

confabulation happens because...

a)

people weren't paying attention

b)

memory is reconstructive

c)

people want to appear smart

d)

police force them

109.

repression is

a)

forgetting happy events

b)

unconsciously blocking painful memories

c)

confusing two events

d)

remembering everything

110.

which example shows repression

a)

forgetting where you put your phone

b)

not rembering a childhood trauma

c)

mixing up two stories

d)

memorizing a poem

111.

false memories can be created by

a)

good sleep

b)

not paying attention

c)

suggestion or wording in questions

d)

high intellegence

112.

what makes memories fade or distort overtime

a)

repetition

b)

transience

c)

mood

d)

intelligence levels

113.

when people strongly believe a false memory, it is an example of

a)

deja vu

b)

confabulation

c)

flashbulb memory

d)

encoding failure

114.

what is intermittent reinforcement

a)

reinforcement every time

b)

random or scheduled reinforcement

c)

no reinforcement

d)

punishment

115.

what is a fixed ratio

a)

reinforcement after a fixed number of responses

b)

reinforcement after a random number of responses

c)

reinforcement after a fixed time

d)

reinforcement after a random time

116.

which is a fixed interval schedule

a)

after a fixed time

b)

after random responses

c)

after random time

d)

after fixed responses

117.

The beliefs that learning is a process of discovery and knowledge results from active thought is attributed to (a)   .

118.

Providing the starting letter of a forgotten word is called a retrieval (a)  

119.

Which of the following is a technique to improve memory retrieval?

a)

Multitasking while studying

b)

Studying in a loud environment

c)

Using mnemonic devices

d)

Limiting sleep the night before a test

120.

Please answer YES or NO precisely as you see it here: The correct order of the three stages of memory are Short-term memory, sensory memory, long term memory.

(a)  

121.

What is the scientific research approach in psychology known for?

a)

Experiment

b)

Survey

c)

Observation

d)

Introspection

122.

Natalie bought 100 tickets in the raffle for a free homecoming ticket and lost. Months later, she also buys 100 tickets for the senior prom raffle, hoping this will be the time she wins.

a)

fixed-ratio

b)

variable-ratio

c)

fixed-interval

d)

variable-interval

e)

continuous

123.

Select all the following options that identify as fixed interval (FI):

a)

Jessica spanks her son if she has to ask him three times to clean up his room. 

b)

  • Brittany has a spelling test every Friday. She usually does well and gets a sticker!

c)

  • Mr. Jones receives a salary paycheck every 2 weeks, and Miss Brown does not.

d)

Rachel works at a tanning salon. For every 2 bottles of lotion she sells, she gets a 1 dollar commission.

124.

What is the definition of Fixed Ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement?

a)

Reinforcement is provided after a fixed amount of time elapses

b)

Reinforcement is provided variably after an average amount of time has elapsed

c)

Reinforcement is provided variably after an average amount of responses are emitted

d)

Reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of responses occur

125.

Poison Ivy's plants:
Poison Ivy waters her plants every morning at 8 AM to encourage their growth.
Question: What type of reinforcement schedule is Poison Ivy using?

a)

fixed-ratio

b)

variable-ratio

c)

fixed-interval

d)

variable-interval

126.

Bat-Signal activation:
The Bat-Signal shines in the sky at random times when Gotham is in need of help. Sometimes Batman responds immediately, and other times, it takes longer.

a)

fixed-ratio

b)

variable-ratio

c)

fixed-interval

d)

variable-interval

127.

Bill gets a sticker for every time he puts his clothes away in the hamper

a)

fixed-ratio

b)

variable-ratio

c)

fixed-interval

d)

variable-interval

128.

You are teaching your dog to sit. As soon as the dog sits, you give them a treat. The dog sits quicker on command in the future.

a)

Positive Reinforcement

b)

Negative Reinforcement

c)

Positive Punishment

d)

Negative Punishment

129.

You have a headache. You take an Advil and the pain goes away.

a)

Positive Reinforcement

b)

Negative Reinforcement

c)

Positive Punishment

d)

Negative Punishment

130.

The child screamed in the store for a candy bar. Dad gave them the candy bar. The child stopped screaming when dad gave her the candy. The next time she started screaming, dad gave her candy. Dad's behavior ....

a)

Positive Reinforcement

b)

Negative Reinforcement

c)

Positive Punishment

d)

Negative Punishment

131.

The child screamed in the store for a candy bar. Dad gave them the candy bar. The next time they went to the store, the child screamed for candy. The child's behavior ...

a)

Positive Reinforcement

b)

Negative Reinforcement

c)

Positive Punishment

d)

Negative Punishment

132.

What is the main difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?

a)

Positive reinforcement involves adding a stimulus, while negative reinforcement involves removing a stimulus

b)

Positive reinforcement decreases behaviors, while negative reinforcement increases behaviors

c)

There is no significant difference; both increase behaviors

d)

Positive reinforcement is more effective than negative reinforcement

133.

Negative reinforcement __________ the likelihood of a behavior happening again.

a)

Increases

b)

Decreases

c)

Does not affect

d)

Temporarily increases

134.

What is Negative Reinforcement?

a)

Increasing a behavior by adding something that is good.

b)

Increasing a behavior by taking away something that is bad.

c)

Decreasing a behavior by adding something that is bad.

d)

Decreasing a behavior by taking away something that is good.

135.

Getting a piece of candy after getting an answer correct in class is an example of:

a)

Positive Reinforcement

b)

Negative Reinforcement

c)

Positive Punishment

d)

Negative Punishment

136.

Billy tells a joke at the lunch table and gets a big laugh from his friends.

a)

Positive Reinforcement

b)

Negative Reinforcement

c)

Positive Punishment

d)

Negative Punishment

137.

Why is it important to deliver positive reinforcement immediately after the desired behaviour?

a)

To confuse the individual about which behaviour is being reinforced.

b)

To ensure the individual associates the reward with the desired behaviour.

c)

To make the individual wait and increase their patience.

d)

To decrease the effectiveness of the reinforcement.

138.

What is positive reinforcement in operant conditioning?

a)

Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior

b)

Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior

c)

Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase a behavior

d)

Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior

139.

In operant conditioning, the term "reinforcement" always refers to:

a)

An outcome that decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated

b)

An outcome that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated

c)

The removal of an unpleasant stimulus

d)

The addition of a pleasant stimulus

140.

What is positive reinforcement in the context of ABA strategies?

a)

A technique used to decrease unwanted behaviours by removing a stimulus.

b)

A method to increase desired behaviours by providing a reward.

c)

A strategy to ignore unwanted behaviours until they stop.

d)

A way to punish unwanted behaviours to reduce their occurrence.

141.

Do you remember things easily through language or through pictures?

a)

Language

b)

Pictures

142.

True or False: According to Bloom's, assignments requiring that we create something new involve the most complex thinking processes.

a)

True

b)

False

143.

What is the process called when your brain accesses information from the past?

a)

Encoding

b)

Forgetting

c)

Retrieval

d)

Storage

144.

How many cognitive development steps did Piaget create?

a)

one

b)

three

c)

four

d)

two

145.

Which stage of cognitive development describes children who are beginning to think symbolically and incorporate pretend play?

a)

Sensorimotor Stage

b)

Preoperational Stage

c)

Concrete Operational Stage

d)

Formal Operational Stage

146.

Which is NOT a part of memory?

a)

Encoding

b)

Storage

c)

Retrieval

d)

Criticism

147.

In the context of memory, what does the term "storage" refer to?

a)

The process of recalling information

b)

The process of converting information into a usable form

c)

The process of maintaining information over time

d)

The process of forgetting information

148.

Please answer YES or NO precisely as you see it here: The correct order of the three stages of memory are Short-term memory, sensory memory, long term memory.

(a)  

149.

Which type of memory is responsible for holding information temporarily for analysis and is limited in capacity?

a)

Long-term Memory

b)

Sensory Memory

c)

Short-term Memory

d)

Procedural Memory

150.

You must do something to move information to long-term memory.

a)

True

b)

False

151.

​Albert Bandura believes that children learn by _______ other people.​

a)

Imitating

b)

Sequence

c)

Objective

d)

Rate

152.

  1. What is used to classify mental illness? What does it stand for?

a)

DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

b)

DSS (Diagnostic and Statistical System)

c)

DSMV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Variants)

d)

DMS (Diagnostic Manual of Symptoms)

153.

  1. What are the symptoms of an anxiety disorder?

a)

Feeling overly confident and energetic

b)

Common symptoms of an anxiety disorder include excessive worry, restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances, increased heart rate, sweating, and trembling.

c)

Experiencing frequent laughter and joy

d)

Having a strong appetite and weight gain

154.

  1. What is the difference between a social phobia and a simple phobia?

a)

Social phobia is a fear of heights, while simple phobia is fear of crowds.

b)

Social phobia involves fear of animals, while simple phobia is fear of social interactions.

c)

Social phobia involves fear of social situations, while simple phobia is fear of specific objects or situations.

d)

Social phobia is related to fear of the dark, while simple phobia is fear of public speaking.

155.

  1. What are the main symptoms of PTSD? !!!!!!!!

a)

Physical pain and discomfort, social withdrawal, increased appetite, emotional numbness.

b)

Flashbacks, excessive sleep, irritability, loss of interest in activities.

c)

Nightmares, compulsive behaviors, emotional outbursts, decreased energy.

d)

Re-experiencing the trauma, avoidance, negative mood changes, heightened arousal.

156.

  1. What causes PTSD?!!!!!!

a)

Lack of sleep or rest.

b)

Experiencing or witnessing traumatic events.

c)

Daily stress from work or school.

d)

Genetic predisposition to anxiety.

157.

Give an example of somebody who has an antisocial personality. Explain how they fit the description of someone with this illness.

a)

John Wayne Gacy

b)

Aileen Wuornos

c)

Jeffrey Dahmer

d)

Ted Bundy

158.

  1. Explain the difference between tolerance, addiction and withdrawal.

a)

Tolerance is the need for increased amounts of a substance, addiction is the compulsive use despite harm, and withdrawal is the symptoms experienced after stopping use.

b)

Tolerance is the enjoyment of a substance, addiction is the social pressure to use, and withdrawal is the absence of friends who use.

c)

Tolerance is the emotional response to substance use, addiction is the physical dependence, and withdrawal is the craving for the substance.

d)

Tolerance is the psychological need for a substance, addiction is the gradual decrease in use, and withdrawal is the lack of desire to use.

159.

  1. What is the difference between a psychological addiction and a physical addiction?

a)

Psychological addiction is temporary, while physical addiction is always permanent.

b)

Psychological addiction is solely about cravings, while physical addiction is about habits.

c)

Psychological addiction affects only emotions, while physical addiction impacts thoughts.

d)

Psychological addiction is based on mental dependence, while physical addiction involves bodily dependence.

160.

  1. What are the main types of dissociative disorders

a)

Dissociative Stress Disorder

b)

Dissociative Mood Disorder

c)

Dissociative Identity Disorder, Dissociative Amnesia, Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

d)

Dissociative Personality Disorder

161.

What are the symptoms of schizophrenia?

a)

Symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, lack of motivation, reduced emotional expression, social withdrawal, and cognitive impairments.

b)

Frequent headaches and fatigue

c)

Increased appetite and weight gain

d)

Mood swings and anxiety

162.

What are the four major personality disorders?

a)

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

b)

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

c)

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

d)

Borderline Personality Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Avoidant Personality Disorder

163.

  1. Describe the symptoms of someone who has bipolar disorder.

a)

Symptoms of bipolar disorder include constant happiness and high energy.

b)

Symptoms of bipolar disorder are only physical aches and pains.

c)

Symptoms of bipolar disorder include: manic episodes (elevated mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts), depressive episodes (sadness, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, loss of interest), and mixed episodes (features of both mania and depression).

d)

Symptoms of bipolar disorder consist solely of extreme irritability and anger.

164.

  1. What is word salad?

a)

Word salad is a style of poetry that uses rhyming words.

b)

Word salad is a disorganized mixture of words that lacks meaningful context.

c)

Word salad refers to a dish made with various vegetables.

d)

Word salad is a type of fruit salad with mixed flavors.

165.

  1. What are the symptoms of depression?

a)

Increased energy and enthusiasm

b)

Heightened sense of self-worth

c)

Symptoms of depression include persistent sadness, loss of interest, changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, and suicidal thoughts.

d)

Consistent joy and happiness

166.

  1. What are some examples of each of the following types of drug: Opiates, hallucinogens, Amphetamine?

a)

Opiates include morphine and codeine; hallucinogens include LSD and psilocybin; amphetamines include Adderall and methamphetamine.

b)

Opiates include oxycodone and hydrocodone; hallucinogens include mescaline and salvia; amphetamines include speed and crystal meth.

c)

Opiates include heroin and fentanyl; hallucinogens include ketamine and DMT; amphetamines include Ritalin and ecstasy.

d)

Opiates include aspirin and ibuprofen; hallucinogens include caffeine and nicotine; amphetamines include caffeine and cocaine.

167.

  1.  Identify in Pavlov’s experiment the CS, CR, UCS,UCR and a Generalization.

a)

The CS is the bell, the CR is salivation to the bell, the UCS is food, the UCR is salivation to the food, and generalization is salivation to similar sounds.

b)

The CS is the bell, the CR is food, the UCS is salivation, the UCR is the bell, and generalization is salivation to different bells.

c)

The CS is the salivation, the CR is the bell, the UCS is the sound, the UCR is food, and generalization is salivation to all sounds.

d)

The CS is the food, the CR is salivation to food, the UCS is the bell, the UCR is salivation to the bell, and generalization is salivation to loud noises.

168.

  1. What is Spontaneous Recovery?

a)

Spontaneous Recovery is the reappearance of a conditioned response after a pause following extinction.

b)

Spontaneous Recovery is the loss of a conditioned response after a delay.

c)

Spontaneous Recovery is the immediate return of a conditioned response after reinforcement.

d)

Spontaneous Recovery is the gradual weakening of a conditioned response over time.

169.

  1. When we did the pupil dilation activity how did we extinct the condition?

a)

The condition was maintained by introducing new stimuli during the activity.

b)

The condition was extinguished through ringing the bell but not touching the lights anymore

c)

The condition was eliminated by avoiding the stimulus entirely.

d)

The condition was reinforced through consistent exposure to the stimulus.

170.

  1. If you eat at McDonalds and become violently ill and never eat at McDonalds again what do we call this phenomena?

a)

Nutritional intolerance

b)

Taste aversion

c)

Gastric distress

d)

Food poisoning

171.

  1. If you study for a course and still receive a poor grade so you refuse to study after that experience this is a sign of what type of learned behavior?

a)

Learned optimism

b)

Cognitive dissonance

c)

Learned helplessness

d)

Behavioral conditioning

172.

What/Who discovered the effects of learning on baby Albert?

a)

John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner

b)

Sigmund Freud and Anna O.

c)

B.F. Skinner and Mary Cover Jones

d)

Albert Bandura and Carl Rogers

173.

What did baby Albert show about generalization

a)

Baby Albert revealed that responses are unique to each stimulus.

b)

Baby Albert indicated that emotional reactions are always learned behaviors.

c)

Baby Albert demonstrated that fear can be conditioned to specific objects.

d)

Baby Albert showed that emotional responses can generalize to similar stimuli.

174.

  1. Define Operant Conditioning

a)

Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.

b)

Operant conditioning is a process of learning through imitation of others.

c)

Operant conditioning is a technique that relies solely on observation of behavior.

d)

Operant conditioning is a form of learning that occurs without any external influences.

175.

  1. What was BF Skinner’s contribution to Operant Conditioning?

a)

BF Skinner's contribution to operant conditioning was the development of the theory and experimental methods that demonstrated how reinforcement and punishment influence behavior.

b)

BF Skinner introduced the concept of classical conditioning in behaviorism.

c)

BF Skinner's work focused on cognitive development and its impact on learning.

d)

BF Skinner emphasized the role of genetics in shaping behavior patterns.

176.

  1. A slot machine is an example of what time of ratio?

a)

Random ratio

b)

Fixed ratio

c)

Variable ratio

d)

Progressive ratio

177.

  1. What is the difference between Variable and Fixed Ratio? A Variable and Fixed Interval?

a)

Variable Ratio: Unpredictable responses; Fixed Ratio: Set responses. Variable Interval: Unpredictable time; Fixed Interval: Set time.

b)

Variable Ratio: Consistent responses; Fixed Ratio: Unpredictable responses.

c)

Variable Interval: Set time; Fixed Interval: Unpredictable time.

d)

Variable Ratio: Set responses; Fixed Ratio: Unpredictable time.

178.

  1. What is it called when you learn how to make a bow by watching someone else do it?

a)

Skill replication

b)

Observational learning

c)

Imitative practice

d)

Visual mimicry

179.

  1. Who created the Bobo doll experiment?

a)

Jean Piaget

b)

B.F. Skinner

c)

Albert Bandura

d)

Sigmund Freud

180.

  1. What type of learning was used in the Bobo Doll experiment?

a)

Cognitive learning

b)

Reinforcement learning

c)

Experiential learning

d)

Observational learning

181.

  1. What are the steps in information processing?

a)

The steps in information processing are Input, Processing, Storage, Output, and Feedback.

b)

Input, Analysis, Output, Review, Action

c)

Input, Storage, Analysis, Output, Feedback

d)

Collection, Processing, Output, Storage, Review

182.

  1. What are storage inputs called?

a)

file inputs

b)

storage outputs

c)

data sources

d)

data inputs

183.

  1. What are the four types of storage?

a)

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Off-line

b)

Direct, Indirect, Temporary, Permanent

c)

Local, Remote, Virtual, Physical

d)

Flash, Cloud, Network, Hybrid

184.

  1. Describe Sensory storage

a)

Sensory storage is a long-term memory process.

b)

Sensory storage involves only visual information.

c)

Sensory storage is the analysis of sensory data.

d)

Sensory storage is a brief retention of sensory information.

185.

  1. How long can short term memory keep something in mind versus long term?

a)

Short-term memory: 1-2 minutes; Long-term memory: weeks to years.

b)

Short-term memory: 15-30 seconds; Long-term memory: days to a lifetime.

c)

Short-term memory: 5-10 seconds; Long-term memory: hours to months.

d)

Short-term memory: 30-60 seconds; Long-term memory: minutes to days.

186.

  1. What are some tricks to help keep something in your short term memory for longer than a few seconds?

a)

Use distraction, memorization, and guessing.

b)

Rely on intuition, randomization, and elimination.

c)

Focus on speed, neglect details, and avoid practice.

d)

Use repetition, chunking, visualization, and associations.

187.

  1. What is chunking and give an example of it

a)

Chunking is a method of organizing information into smaller groups, such as breaking a phone number into segments.

b)

Chunking is a way to visualize data using graphs and charts.

c)

Chunking is a technique for memorizing long texts, like a poem.

d)

Chunking refers to the process of summarizing entire books into one sentence.

188.

  1. What are the two types of memory that we have?

a)

Sensory memory and working memory

b)

Short-term memory and long-term memory

c)

Explicit memory and implicit memory

d)

Visual memory and auditory memory

189.

  1. What is the difference between explicit memory and implicit memory?

a)

Explicit memory is automatic and involves skills; implicit memory is deliberate and involves facts/events.

b)

Explicit memory is conscious and involves facts/events; implicit memory is unconscious and involves skills/conditioning.

c)

Explicit memory is related to emotions; implicit memory is related to sensory experiences.

d)

Explicit memory is unconscious and involves facts/events; implicit memory is conscious and involves skills/conditioning.

190.

Where are implicit and explicit memories located in the brain?

a)

Implicit memories are found in the thalamus; explicit memories are in the occipital lobe.

b)

Implicit memories reside in the brainstem; explicit memories are located in the parietal lobe.

c)

Implicit memories are located in the basal ganglia and cerebellum; explicit memories are located in the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe.

d)

Implicit memories are stored in the prefrontal cortex; explicit memories are in the amygdala.

191.

  1.  Define Developmental Psychology

a)

Developmental psychology is the study of human development across the lifespan.

b)

Developmental psychology examines animal behavior in various environments.

c)

Developmental psychology is the analysis of economic growth.

d)

Developmental psychology focuses solely on childhood behavior.

192.

  1. What are the two reflexes that babies are born with? 

a)

Rooting reflex and grasp reflex

b)

Crawling reflex and walking reflex

c)

Sucking reflex and startle reflex

d)

Blink reflex and yawning reflex

193.

  1. What are some things a baby can do in the womb?

a)

A baby can move, kick, stretch, respond to sounds and light, and practice swallowing and breathing in the womb.

b)

A baby can read and write in the womb.

c)

A baby can play musical instruments inside the womb.

d)

A baby can run and jump in the womb.

194.

  1. What is the purpose of the rooting reflex?

a)

The rooting reflex is a response to loud noises.

b)

The rooting reflex helps infants to sleep better.

c)

The rooting reflex aids in developing motor skills.

d)

The purpose of the rooting reflex is to assist infants in finding food.

195.

  1. What is a scheme/schema?

a)

A scheme/schema is a visual representation of random ideas.

b)

A scheme/schema is a random collection of unrelated data points.

c)

A scheme/schema is a simple list of items without structure.

d)

A scheme/schema is a structured framework that defines the organization and relationships of data or concepts.

196.

  1. How does assimilation and accommodation affect the scheme?

a)

Assimilation and accommodation refine schemas by integrating or modifying information, enhancing understanding.

b)

Assimilation and accommodation create confusion in schemas, hindering learning.

c)

Assimilation and accommodation simplify schemas by removing unnecessary details.

d)

Assimilation and accommodation have no impact on schemas, leaving them unchanged.

197.

  1. When babies realize that a toy exists even if they can’t see it we call this what?

a)

Object permanence

b)

Object visibility

c)

Toy recognition

d)

Item awareness

198.

  1. What are the phases in Piaget theory?

a)

Cognitive, Behavioral, Developmental, Social

b)

Exploratory, Reflective, Analytical, Creative

c)

Initial, Transitional, Advanced, Mastery

d)

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational

199.

  1. Explain the difference between the Concrete and Formal Operational Stage?

a)

The Concrete Operational Stage is about abstract thinking, while the Formal Operational Stage is about concrete reasoning.

b)

The Concrete Operational Stage focuses on logical thinking with concrete objects, while the Formal Operational Stage involves abstract and hypothetical reasoning.

c)

The Concrete Operational Stage deals with hypothetical scenarios, while the Formal Operational Stage is limited to tangible objects.

d)

The Concrete Operational Stage emphasizes emotional development, while the Formal Operational Stage focuses on social skills.

200.

What is the conservation idea?

a)

The conservation idea is about maximizing resource extraction.

b)

The conservation idea is the principle of protecting and managing natural resources sustainably.

c)

The conservation idea focuses solely on urban development.

d)

The conservation idea promotes unrestricted access to natural areas.

201.

  1. What example did Kohlberg use in order to show moral development?

a)

Tom's situation

b)

Mary's decision

c)

Heinz's dilemma

d)

John's choice

202.

  1. What experiment did Harlow do show the effects of having a mother?

a)

Harlow's research indicated that monkeys thrived better in isolation without maternal care.

b)

Harlow's experiment demonstrated that monkeys preferred social interaction over maternal comfort.

c)

Harlow's experiment with surrogate mothers showed that monkeys preferred comfort over food, highlighting the effects of having a nurturing mother.

d)

Harlow's study on food preferences showed that monkeys chose toys over mothers.

203.

  1. Define Identity.

a)

Identity is the sum of a person's financial assets.

b)

Identity is the distinguishing character or personality of an individual or group.

c)

Identity refers to a person's physical appearance only.

d)

Identity is a legal document proving citizenship.

204.

  1. What are Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development?

a)

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy) 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood) 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool Age) 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age) 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence) 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood) 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood) 8. Integrity vs. Despair (Maturity)

b)

Creativity vs. Conformity (Young Adulthood)

c)

Independence vs. Dependence (Adolescence)

d)

Connection vs. Disconnection (Infancy)

205.

  1. What brain parts are developing in puberty?

a)

The brainstem and thalamus are growing in teenage years.

b)

The prefrontal cortex and limbic system are developing in puberty.

c)

The amygdala and hippocampus are maturing during adolescence.

d)

The occipital lobe and cerebellum are developing in puberty.

206.

functions of the Cerebellum

a)

Regulation of heart rate and blood pressure.

b)

Storage of long-term memories and emotions.

c)

Coordination of movement, balance, motor learning, and cognitive functions.

d)

Processing visual and auditory information.

207.

functions of the Amygdala

a)

The amygdala functions in emotion regulation, fear response, and memory processing.

b)

The amygdala plays a role in digestion and respiratory control.

c)

The amygdala regulates motor functions and balance coordination.

d)

The amygdala is responsible for visual processing and language skills.

208.

  1. functions of the Hypothalamus

a)

Manages muscle coordination, balance, and reflexes.

b)

Regulates autonomic functions, body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, emotions, and hormone production.

c)

Regulates vision, hearing, and taste sensations.

d)

Controls heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion.

209.

functions of the Cerebral Cortex

a)

Visual processing and language comprehension.

b)

Hormonal balance and immune response.

c)

Emotional regulation and memory storage.

d)

The functions of the cerebral cortex include sensory perception, motor control, reasoning, and decision-making.

210.

functions of the Broca’s Area

a)

Broca's Area is involved in visual memory and recognition.

b)

Broca's Area regulates emotional responses and behavior.

c)

Broca's Area is responsible for motor coordination and balance.

d)

Broca's Area functions in language production and processing.

211.

  1. functions of the Wernicke’s Area

a)

Comprehension of language and processing of spoken and written words.

b)

Coordination of motor functions for speech delivery.

c)

Memory recall for visual and auditory stimuli.

d)

Production of speech and articulation of sounds.

212.

functions of the Corpus Callosum

a)

Processes visual information from the eyes.

b)

Regulates blood flow in the brain.

c)

Facilitates communication between the brain's hemispheres.

d)

Controls motor functions in the limbs.

213.

functions of the Spinal Cord

a)

The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and body, coordinates reflexes, and processes sensory information.

b)

The spinal cord stores memories and manages emotions.

c)

The spinal cord is responsible for breathing and heart rate control.

d)

The spinal cord produces hormones and regulates metabolism.

214.

functions of the Medulla

a)

Regulates vital autonomic functions and reflex actions.

b)

Processes sensory information and higher cognitive functions.

c)

Facilitates voluntary muscle movements and coordination.

d)

Controls emotional responses and memory storage.

215.

functions of the Thalamus

a)

The thalamus controls emotional responses and memory formation.

b)

The thalamus is primarily responsible for digestion and metabolism.

c)

The thalamus produces hormones and regulates body temperature.

d)

The thalamus functions as a sensory relay center, regulates sleep and alertness, and integrates sensory and motor information.

216.

  1. functions of the Motor Cortex

a)

The motor cortex regulates heart rate and blood pressure.

b)

The motor cortex processes visual information and perception.

c)

The motor cortex controls voluntary movements and coordinates muscle activity.

d)

The motor cortex is responsible for hormone secretion and digestion.

217.

functions of the Sensory Cortex

a)

The sensory cortex processes sensory information such as touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception.

b)

The sensory cortex is responsible for hormone production and metabolism.

c)

The sensory cortex controls motor functions and coordination.

d)

The sensory cortex regulates emotional responses and memory.

218.

  1. What are the four lobes of the brain and what are the main functions of them?

a)

The four lobes of the brain are: 1. Frontal Lobe - decision-making and behavior control; 2. Parietal Lobe - sensory processing and spatial awareness; 3. Occipital Lobe - vision; 4. Temporal Lobe - auditory processing and memory.

b)

1. Frontal Lobe - sensory perception and reflexes; 2. Parietal Lobe - decision-making and emotional control; 3. Occipital Lobe - auditory processing and memory; 4. Temporal Lobe - vision and spatial awareness.

c)

1. Frontal Lobe - visual processing and reflexes; 2. Parietal Lobe - emotional responses and decision-making; 3. Occipital Lobe - sensory integration and language; 4. Temporal Lobe - spatial reasoning and attention.

d)

1. Frontal Lobe - emotional regulation and creativity; 2. Parietal Lobe - language comprehension and memory; 3. Occipital Lobe - balance and coordination; 4. Temporal Lobe - motor control and vision.