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Mendel and Genetics Notes

Total questions: 15

Worksheet time: 8mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which statement best distinguishes genotype from phenotype for a single trait?

a)

Genotype is physical expression; phenotype is allele combination

b)

Genotype and phenotype both describe only dominant traits

c)

Genotype only applies to dihybrid crosses, phenotype to monohybrid

d)

Genotype is allele combination; phenotype is physical expression

2.

In a pea plant where R is dominant for round seeds and r is recessive for wrinkled seeds, which genotype is heterozygous?

a)

Rr

b)

RR

c)

rr

d)

RRR

3.

Which description correctly defines an allele?

a)

A pair of traits inherited together

b)

Two forms of a gene, such as dominant and recessive

c)

The physical appearance of an organism

d)

A square used to solve genetic problems

4.

What is the main purpose of a Punnett square in genetics?

a)

To count the number of cell divisions in meiosis

b)

To identify environmental influences on traits

c)

To measure DNA length in chromosomes

d)

To predict offspring genotypes from parental alleles

5.

A monohybrid cross involves parents that differ in which of the following?

a)

Two traits simultaneously

b)

One trait only

c)

No traits at all

d)

Three independent traits

6.

Which statement aligns with Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

a)

Dominant alleles always eliminate recessive alleles

b)

Alleles for different traits assort independently during meiosis

c)

Traits are determined solely by the environment

d)

Two alleles for a trait separate when gametes form

7.

Two pure-breeding parents with contrasting traits are crossed (RR × rr). Which outcome is expected in the F1 generation?

a)

Offspring show mixed phenotypes in equal ratio

b)

All offspring show the recessive phenotype

c)

All offspring show the dominant phenotype

d)

No offspring inherit the dominant allele

8.

Which scenario demonstrates Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?

a)

Alleles for seed shape and seed color distribute to gametes without influencing each other

b)

Dominant seed shape always determines the seed color

c)

Seed color alleles split only when seed shape splits

d)

Seed shape and seed color remain linked in all crosses

9.

During meiosis, what happens to the two copies of a gene from a diploid organism?

a)

They stay together in all gametes

b)

They fuse into one stronger allele

c)

They split and go to separate gametes

d)

They duplicate into four identical copies

10.

How many copies of each gene does a gamete contain?

a)

Three copies per gene

b)

Zero copies per gene

c)

One copy per gene

d)

Two copies per gene

11.

Which statement best describes independent assortment of genes during gamete formation?

a)

Dominant genes assort and recessive do not

b)

Assortment is fixed and never random

c)

All genes assort together as a linked group

d)

Genes on different chromosomes assort independently

12.

When do genes fail to assort independently?

a)

When genes are next to each other on one chromosome

b)

When genes are far apart on different chromosomes

c)

When genes are both dominant alleles

d)

When genes are in different gametes altogether

13.

Each parent contributes how many copies of a gene to their offspring?

a)

None, only environment contributes

b)

One copy of each gene

c)

Two copies of each gene

d)

A variable number of copies

14.

Which outcome of segregation explains variation among siblings?

a)

Copies split randomly into gametes

b)

Copies split equally but predictably

c)

Copies do not split at all

d)

Copies fuse before fertilization

15.

Mendel’s pea plant experiments primarily involved genes located on which arrangement of chromosomes?

a)

Sex chromosomes exclusively

b)

Unlinked on different chromosomes

c)

Linked tightly on the same chromosome

d)

Mitochondrial chromosomes only