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WorksheetsNat 5 Glossary
Total questions: 128
Worksheet time: 1hrs 4mins
Which term describes the bus that transfers memory addresses from the processor to memory?
Expansion bus linking devices
Control bus sending signals
Address bus carrying addresses
Data bus moving data values
What is the main role of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)?
Translate code into machine language
Carry out comparisons and calculations
Store programs in memory
Control input and output devices
Which statement best defines ASCII in computing?
A standard code for text using bits
A binary format for images
A database query language standard
A hardware bus for addresses
In asymmetric encryption, how are keys used?
A single private key encrypts and decrypts
One shared key decrypts all data
Two linked keys encrypt and decrypt
Random keys change every minute
What does the AND operator do in programming logic?
Checks one of several conditions
Inverts the truth of a condition
Compares two numeric values
Joins two conditions requiring both true
Addressability in memory refers to what property?
Each location has a unique binary address
Data is stored in decimal addresses
Addresses are assigned by the ALU
Only sequential locations can be reached
Which term describes storing a value in a variable or array element?
Assertion
Allocation
Attachment
Assignment
Which item is a named storage that can hold multiple items of the same type using indices?
Array
Stack
Record
Table
Which SQL concept contains a specific keyword and the data it acts upon?
Trigger
Index
Cursor
Clause
Which operator compares two pieces of data, such as = or >?
Assignment operator
Arithmetic operator
Comparison operator
Logical operator
Which program converts an entire high-level program into low-level language at once?
Interpreter
Assembler
Compiler
Loader
What is concatenation in strings?
Splitting a string into tokens
Combining two or more strings
Comparing two string values
Encrypting a text string
Which loop repeats a block based on a Boolean expression at the start or end?
Count-controlled loop
Event loop
Conditional loop
Infinite loop
Control unit primarily coordinates what within the processor?
User interface events
Network communication routines
Transfer of data and instruction execution
Graphics rendering tasks
Bit depth in images refers to which quantity?
Pixels per inch
Colors per palette
Bits used per pixel
Bytes per row
Bitmap is best described as what structure?
Compressed stream of text
2D array of pixels stored as binary
1D array of colors
Vector path of shapes
In the binary number system, what happens to place value across columns?
It increases by one each column
It doubles with each column
It halves moving left
It stays constant across columns
Which early encryption shifts letters by an agreed number of places?
Vigenère cipher
Rail fence cipher
Caesar cipher
Playfair cipher
Which term describes a bidirectional path that transfers data between memory and the processor?
Data dictionary
Data bus
Database
Data controller
Which option best defines a database?
A single user's local settings
A structured collection of information
A list of hardware components
A temporary cache for programs
What does a data controller do in the context of personal data?
Physically stores all backups
Controls how data is processed
Monitors network packets
Encrypts data with keys
Which glossary item is a detailed list of data structures and relationships in a programming project?
Flowchart
Entity set
Field
Data dictionary
Who processes data on behalf of a data controller?
Evaluator
End user
Data processor
Firewall
In databases, what is a field?
A graphical model of entities
A full table of related rows
A container for all files
One piece of information in a record
Which term is used to sort table rows into descending order?
DELETE
END
DESC
ASC
What is encryption primarily used for?
Scrambling data with a key
Increasing program speed
Sorting records by DESC
Storing data in fields
Who is the end user?
The person who uses the system
The company that owns servers
The team that writes code
The firewall administrator
Which option defines an entity in data modelling?
A particular and discrete thing
A single bit in memory
A loop that repeats code
A symbol in a flowchart
What does an entity relationship diagram illustrate?
Encryption key rotations
CPU register layouts
Packet filtering rules
Entities and their relationships
What is exceptional test data?
Data with perfect format
Data at exact midpoints
Data already encrypted
Data outside accepted range
In floating point representation, real numbers are stored using which components?
Mantissa and exponent
Rows and fields
Keys and locks
Bus and memory
Which item describes data at the very limit of what is acceptable for testing?
Extreme test data
Fitness for purpose
Exceptional test data
Evaluation data
Which statement best describes a file in computing?
A scripting design notation
A single value in a record
A network monitoring tool
A container for data in storage
What is the purpose of a firewall?
Scramble data with keys
Compress all image files
Sort rows to descending
Monitor traffic and set rules
What does 'fit for purpose' mean in software?
Includes every possible feature
Uses only encrypted storage
Optimized beyond all limits
Good enough to do the task
What does 'fitness for purpose' evaluate?
Size of the data dictionary
Amount of encryption used
Number of bugs remaining
Meeting agreed functional needs
Which construct repeats a block of code a predetermined number of times?
Fixed loop
Data bus
Entity set
Firewall
What is a flat-file database?
A file that stores images only
A single-table simple database
A multi-table relational system
A graphical ERD diagram
What does a flowchart show in programming design?
Database keys and indices
Network ports and packets
Binary values and hex bytes
Processes and decisions with arrows
Which symbol marks the start and end of a flowchart?
Decision symbol
Connector symbol
Process symbol
Terminal symbol
Which statement about data bus and database is correct?
Data bus moves data between components
Database stores information in structure
Both are encryption algorithms
Both are flowchart symbols
Which flowchart symbol is used to show the sequence of instructions between steps?
Flow line arrow connecting steps
Rectangle with process text
Diamond for a decision point
Parallelogram for data I/O
In a flowchart, which symbol indicates input coming from a user or output sent to the screen?
Parallelogram for I/O data
Rectangle for processing
Diamond selection test
Circle page connector
Which symbol represents a selection such as IF or a conditional loop clause?
Diamond decision shape
Rectangle process box
Parallelogram input/output
Circle continuation marker
Which flowchart element denotes a predefined function that returns a single value?
Double‑lined rectangle module
Arrowed flow line link
Diamond condition test
Parallelogram data interface
Why use a page connector symbol in a flowchart?
Define a conditional branch
Indicate user data input
Describe an internal process
Show continuation to the side
Which options correctly match flowchart symbols to their meanings?
Parallelogram — input and output
Diamond — decision or selection
Rectangle — process operation
Circle — start and stop terminal
What is a functional requirement in software development?
List of inputs, processes, outputs
Schedule for team meetings
Budget for hardware purchases
Checklist of user interface themes
Which best describes the SQL FROM keyword?
Encrypts results before display
Specifies source tables for queries
Creates a new database schema
Defines numeric data types
What is a foreign key in a database?
Primary key of another table
Field that stores free text
Automatically generated index
Encrypted user identifier
Which are examples of common fossil fuels?
Ethanol distilled from crops
Natural gas for heating
Crude oil refined into fuel
Coal used for power plants
Under GDPR, which activity is covered by the legal framework?
Processing personal information
Rendering 3D graphics only
Compiling open‑source code
Streaming anonymous telemetry
Who does GDPR primarily protect?
Individuals living in the EU
Only company executives
Software developers globally
All people using social media
Which actions must align with GDPR when handling personal data?
Sharing with user consent
Processing with legal basis
Ignoring retention policies
Collection with defined purposes
Which term describes gases like methane and carbon dioxide that trap solar radiation in the atmosphere?
JPEG
Interpreter
Hibernate
Greenhouse gas
What does the term hacking most accurately refer to in computing?
Writing English-like code
Compressing image files
Gaining unauthorised system access
Adding data to a table
Which option best describes Hibernate on a computer?
Restart with updated firmware
Encrypt user login credentials
Delete temporary cache files
Save RAM state then power down
Which item is considered input in a program?
Files stored after processing
Instructions compiled to binary
Output shown on screen
Data provided to the program
In databases, what is the purpose of the INSERT operation?
Define table schema
Add data to tables
Encrypt sensitive fields
Remove duplicate rows
Which term means a whole number that may be positive or negative?
Integer
Key
Logic error
JPEG
What does an interpreter do in programming?
Monitors network traffic
Compiles entire program
Compresses source files
Translates one line at a time
Which term best describes repeating actions until a desired result is achieved in development?
LZW
Hibernate
Logical operator
Iterative
What is JPEG primarily known as?
A password encryption method
An image compression format
A low level instruction set
A table insertion command
What is a logic error in an algorithm?
Hardware overheating during run
Binary overflow in integers
Compiler failing to translate code
Incorrect outputs from flawed working
Which statement accurately defines a low level language?
Table management commands
High level mathematical abstractions
English-like human-readable syntax
Instructions for processor operations
What is LZW primarily used for?
Lossless file compression
Unauthorised system access
Realtime image rendering
Power-saving memory writes
Which statement best defines Machine Code in computing?
Visual symbols used in vector graphics editors
High-level readable language for programmers
A database index used to ensure uniqueness
Low-level binary instructions executed by hardware
In a real number, what is the mantissa?
The rounding function applied to the number
The exponent controlling magnitude
The integer part including the sign
Digits forming the value without decimal point
Which setting helps save screen energy in Monitor/Screen Settings?
Raise contrast for sharper text display
Activate efficiency mode to reduce brightness
Increase refresh rate for smoother motion
Enable screen saver for constant animation
What does MPEG primarily provide?
Standards for compressing audio and video
Protocol for securing network packets
Method to anonymize personal data
Format for vector graphic file storage
Normal test data is best described as:
Encrypted data for privacy testing
Randomly generated stress inputs
Values deliberately outside valid ranges
Inputs a program should be expected to accept
In vector graphics, what is an Object?
A hardware chip processing instructions
A compiled program executable file
A pixel square in a bitmap photo
An individual shape or line within the image
Which statement about rectangles in vector formats is accurate?
Represented only by center and radius
Require fill for color but never line
Always stored as five coordinate points
Defined by x,y top-left with width and height
For a line object in vector graphics, which attributes are used?
Top-left x,y and length
Five vertex points x1 to x5
Centre cx,cy and radius r
Start x1,y1 and end x2,y2
What is the purpose of the OR operator in queries?
Join two conditions so either can match
Encrypt results before display
Force both conditions to be true
Sort rows ascending or descending
ORDER BY in a database query is used to:
Ensure unique values in a column
Join tables through matching keys
Sort rows ASC or DESC by chosen columns
Filter rows that meet conditions
Which option describes Output in programming?
Resulting data from running a program
The hardware converting data to print
Input values provided by a user
The compiled bytecode instructions
An output device is best defined as:
Hardware that converts data to tangible information
Software routine producing display messages
Database field ensuring uniqueness
Network service that routes packets
Personal data includes information that:
Excludes usernames and account IDs
Can identify an individual even via pseudonyms
Only describes device models and settings
Is limited to images without names
A pixel is:
An individual square in a bitmap image
A vector line segment with endpoints
A unit of audio sampling resolution
A microchip inside a processor
PNG stands for and is:
Programmed Node Graph, a vector language
Portable Number Grid, a table standard
Public Numeric Guide, a security protocol
Portable Network Graphics, a free graphics format
What is a port number used for in networking?
Identify the physical device on the LAN
Encrypt packet contents end-to-end
Direct packets to the correct software interface
Compress payload to reduce bandwidth
A predefined function in a language is:
External hardware call to the processor
User-written routine stored in a library
Encrypted method requiring a private key
Built-in code to perform common tasks
Which statement about a Primary key in a database is correct?
A column or columns with a unique value per row
A secret used to decrypt messages
A pointer to the first record in a file
A field that stores rounded real numbers
What does a Privacy notice communicate?
Rules for vector object attribute naming
Steps to generate random test inputs
How processors increase clock speed safely
How personal data will be used to data subjects
A private key is kept secret so you can:
Sort database rows by chosen columns
Create pixels for bitmap images
Publish graphics in a free PNG format
Decrypt data encrypted with your public key
In computing, a Process refers to:
User interface layout for applications
Calculations or comparisons performed by a program
Legal policy about personal data rights
Physical assembly of microchips in hardware
The processor in a computer primarily:
Executes instructions making up a program
Stores rows uniquely using primary keys
Compresses media with MPEG standards
Draws vector objects with attributes
Which statement defines a Program?
A series of pixels forming a bitmap photo
A hardware device converting data to print
A set of instructions for computer tasks
A security protocol for encrypted messaging
Pseudocode is:
Graphical symbols used in vector images
Formal compiled language syntax rules
Text-based, English-like code descriptions
Binary machine instructions for hardware
A public key is published so others can:
Encrypt data sent to you for decryption
Generate random numbers for testing
Sort results by ascending order in tables
Modify vector object fill and line colors
In software development, Purpose means:
Freely available image format for graphics files
Clear description of what the program must do
Unique identifier assigned to each database row
Operator used to join conditions in queries
MSQ: Which items are considered output devices?
Speakers for audio playback
Motors for tangible movement
Printers for physical documents
Keyboards for user input
Which term refers to performing a complex search or sort on a database?
Relationship mapping between tables
Resolution adjustment of an image
Register allocation during execution
Query operation on stored data
Which memory type requires constant power to retain its contents and can be both read and written?
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Secondary storage disks
Processor registers
What describes how easy it is to understand what the code is doing?
Readability of source code
Robustness under errors
Resolution of display
Requirements specification
Which memory can only be read and does not need constant power to keep its data?
Cache memory bank
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
CPU registers
Which term best fits a number that has a decimal point in it?
Integer whole number
Boolean true/false
Character text symbol
Real number value
In databases, what ensures that a foreign key value cannot exist without a matching primary key?
Running total variable
Resolution scaling factor
Selection construct logic
Referential integrity rules
What is cascaded when a primary key value is changed or removed in a relational table?
Register values in the CPU
Screen resolution of monitors
Updates and deletions to linked rows
Readability comments in code
Which term describes areas of temporary storage used by the processor during operations?
Registers inside the CPU
ROM chips on board
Hard disk platters
Network buffer queues
A system for creating and managing relational databases is called what?
Resolution enhancement module
Relational database management system
Selection construct mechanism
Requirements specification document
What is the one-to-one association between two entity sets called?
Register-to-memory map
Relationship in a model
Robustness under faults
Query across tables
What document lists the functional requirements of a system in an interactive development approach?
Running total ledger
Requirements specification
Resolution calibration sheet
Referential integrity policy
Which term indicates how many pixels are displayed in an image or captured by a device?
Resolution of pixels
Readability of code
Register capacity
Relationship cardinality
Which term means a program can cope with run-time errors or incorrect inputs without crashing?
Resolution in images
Referential integrity
Robustness in software
Readability in code
What is the process of adding new values to a variable then storing the result in the same variable, often inside a loop?
Register renaming
Running total update
Query optimization
Resolution scaling
Which comparison symbols are commonly used in a selection construct?
Not equal: ≠
Less than or equal to: ≤
Approximately equal: ≈
Greater than: >
Less than: <
What does Sleep mode primarily do on a computer?
Encrypts all data to prevent access
Runs a diagnostic on hardware components
Deletes temporary files to free memory
Saves power by putting components in standby
What is a String data type?
Stores whole numbers without decimals
Stores multiple characters like words
Represents true or false boolean values
Represents time in seconds
A structure diagram is used to:
Define system ownership and roles
Encrypt data with a single key
Describe hardware storage options
Show processes and subprocesses in a tree
In a structure diagram, which shape represents a process?
Rectangle with text inside
Triangle pointing to next step
Oval showing repetition
Diamond with condition text
In a structure diagram, a loop is shown as:
An oval with descriptive text
A circle with yes/no branches
A rectangle with function name
A diamond with a decision
Selection statements are typically represented by which shape in diagrams?
Diamond showing a decision
Rectangle showing a process
Oval showing a loop
Parallelogram for input/output
Pre-defined functions in diagrams often:
Return single values like a length
Control power-saving standby
Represent storage hardware options
Define legal requirements of software
Symmetric encryption uses:
No keys, just obfuscation
The same key for encryption and decryption
Different keys for sender and receiver
A public key only for decryption
Syntax in programming refers to:
User interface layout guidelines
Hardware connections inside a CPU
The logic flow of algorithms
Rules for structuring and punctuating code
A syntax error is:
A structural mistake like missing punctuation
A crash caused by hardware overheating
Incorrect output from a valid algorithm
Data lost due to storage failure
Who is the system owner?
The analyst mapping processes and loops
The user running test tables
The programmer translating high-level code
The organisation or individual commissioning the system
What does a systems analyst do?
Writes UPDATE statements for tables
Manufactures transistors from silicon
Encrypts and decrypts all system data
Determines exactly what the software must do
A test table is:
A hardware board for connecting circuits
A spreadsheet of employee salaries
A database table for storing sample records
A document listing test data and expected outputs
Text as a data type refers to:
Booleans representing true or false
Images compressed into bitmaps
Numbers stored as integers only
Strings stored using ASCII or UNICODE
Time as a data type means:
Logging processor cycle counts
Measuring CPU clock speed
Counting loop iterations only
Representing time values in data
A translator program purpose is to:
Render diagrams into images
Backup data to permanent storage
Detect and fix syntax errors
Convert high-level code to low-level
Traversing an array means:
Moving from the start to the end in sequence
Encrypting indexes with a shared key
Randomly accessing only middle elements
Sorting values using a standard algorithm
In SQL, UPDATE is used to:
Create a new database schema
Change existing data in tables
Back up data to external media
Encrypt data before insertion
Which option best defines a wireframe in software or web design?
A compiled executable for deployment
An image set showing functional interface layout
A database table of user actions
A finalized visual theme with colors
A user is best defined as:
Someone who audits network security policies
Someone who designs programming languages
Someone who builds physical computer hardware
Someone who operates or uses a software system
