WorksheetsPage 1
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Which emperor divided the Roman Empire into two separate empires in 395?
Emperor Justinian the First
Emperor Theodosius I
Emperor Diocletian of Rome
Emperor Constantine the Great
After the split, what was the name of the empire in the eastern half?
Ottoman Empire
Byzantine Empire
Holy Roman Empire
Western Roman Empire
What term describes the western half following the 395 division?
Eastern Roman Province
Western Holy Empire
Western Roman Empire
Latin Byzantine Realm
In what year was the Roman Empire officially divided into two halves?
284 CE
313 CE
476 CE
395 CE
Which statement best describes the nature of the division in 395?
A temporary administrative adjustment
A split into two completely separate empires
A military alliance between two regions
A division only of church authority
Match each half to its name after 395.
Western half became Byzantine Empire
Eastern half became Ottoman Empire
Eastern half became Roman Empire
Western half remained Roman Empire
Which pair correctly identifies the halves created by the 395 division?
Eastern Roman Empire and Carolingian Empire
Western Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire
Western Roman Empire and Holy Roman Empire
Byzantine Empire and Ottoman Empire
Which leader is associated with the empire centered in the east after 395?
William I at London
Augustus at Rome
Theodosius I at Constantinople
Charlemagne at Aachen
What geographic orientation describes the two parts after the division?
European and Asian regions
Northern and southern realms
Western and eastern halves
Coastal and inland zones
Which outcome followed Theodosius’s decision in 395?
Unified Roman rule strengthened
Byzantine Empire ceased to exist
Two empires developed separately
Religious schism immediately ended
Which city served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
Alexandria served as the capital city
Constantinople served as the capital city
Athens served as the capital city
Rome served as the capital city
What is the main message shown on the city gate in the image?
Birthplace of Roman Republic
Center of Islamic Caliphate
Capital of the Byzantine Empire
Origin of the Mongol Empire
During which years does the sidebar label place the Byzantine Empire?
1492 to 1600
800 to 1200
395 to 1453
27 BCE to 476 CE
The name written in large green letters at the top indicates what?
The empire's official language
The city's name shown
The emperor’s personal title
The main religion practiced
Why was Constantinople important to the Byzantine Empire?
It was a remote farming village
It produced only silver coins
It served as the imperial capital
It was the largest desert region
Which statement best matches the timeline shown for the Byzantine Empire?
It lasted only during the 12th century
It began in 395 and ended in 1453
It lasted from 27 BCE to 14 CE
It began in 1453 and ended in 395
What architectural feature is emphasized in the illustration of Constantinople?
Fortified city walls
Tall glass skyscrapers
Open-air colosseum
Underground subway lines
Which empire had Constantinople as its capital according to the image?
Byzantine Empire had this capital
Aztec Empire had this capital
Mughal Empire had this capital
Ottoman Empire had this capital
What does the vertical yellow strip on the right communicate?
The army’s weapon list
The emperor’s daily schedule
The empire’s date range
The city’s founding myth
Which detail helps identify the city as Constantinople in the image?
A label reading 'CONSTANTINOPLE'
A portrait of Julius Caesar
A map of the Italian peninsula
An inscription in Latin poetry
Which Roman emperor established Constantinople in 330?
Emperor Constantine
Emperor Justinian
Emperor Theodosius
Emperor Diocletian
In what year was Constantinople established by a Roman emperor?
395 CE
455 CE
410 CE
330 CE
Which empire is referenced on the poster's sidebar with dates 395–1453?
Byzantine Empire
Roman Empire
Persian Empire
Ottoman Empire
What city name appears prominently at the top of the poster?
Alexandria
Antioch
Rome
Constantinople
Which leader is incorrectly associated with founding Constantinople?
Emperor Theodosius
Emperor Justinian
Emperor Constantine
Emperor Diocletian
Which statement best matches the founding detail shown?
Founded by Diocletian in 284
Founded by Theodosius in 395
Founded by Justinian in 527
Founded by Constantine in 330
Which of these dates falls within the years listed for the Byzantine Empire on the poster?
50 CE
1000 CE
150 CE
200 CE
What does the large question mark symbolize in the poster?
A church icon
A map of the city
A prompt to answer
An imperial seal
Which emperor is linked with major legal reforms but not the founding of Constantinople?
Constantine
Justinian
Theodosius
Diocletian
Which phrase correctly completes: Constantinople was established by ____ in 330.
Emperor Theodosius
Emperor Justinian
Emperor Constantine
Emperor Diocletian
Which geographic feature helped protect Constantinople from attacks?
Mountains surrounding all sides
Water on three sides of the city
Dense forests around the walls
Desert stretching to the east
What man‑made defenses protected the parts of Constantinople not bordered by water?
A moat and series of walls
A network of canals
Iron gates across bridges
Tall wooden palisades
Why was Constantinople considered an important and wealthy city?
It taxed only local farmers
It controlled the Nile River delta
It linked trade routes between Europe and Asia
It produced vast amounts of silver
Which statement best explains a consequence of Constantinople’s location?
Isolation from Mediterranean cultures
Dominance of overland camel caravans
Thriving trade connecting two continents
Frequent famines due to poor soil
What role did Constantinople play in education?
It banned scholars from meeting
It focused solely on artisan workshops
It was an important center of learning
It relied only on military training
Which combination of defenses made Constantinople difficult to invade?
Frozen seas and ice floes
Volcanoes and hot springs
Water on three sides plus walls
Cliffs and hidden tunnels
How did Constantinople’s trade connections influence its wealth?
Trade routes increased commerce and taxes
Trade limited contact with merchants
Trade discouraged cultural exchange
Trade forced abandonment of the port
Which misconception about Constantinople is corrected by the slide?
It stood on a small island far offshore
It lacked any city walls
It was landlocked and inland
It had defenses only made of wood
Select the best reason invaders targeted the landward side of Constantinople.
Harbors were too shallow for ships
The city had no soldiers stationed there
Only the landward side lacked water barriers
The sea walls were unguarded at night
Which statement summarizes Constantinople’s significance in the Byzantine Empire?
A minor port without learning institutions
A cultural center linking Europe and Asia
A rural capital focused on farming
A remote fortress with little trade
What major event is associated with the year 476 in European history?
Division of the Ottoman territories
Start of the Crusader kingdoms
Fall of the Roman Empire in the West
Rise of the Byzantine capital city
After 476, what happened to the Byzantine Empire?
It lost all cities and territories
It merged with Western European kingdoms
It collapsed immediately after the invasion
It continued for nearly another thousand years
Which empire did not fall in 476?
The Ottoman Empire
The Carolingian Empire
The Western Roman Empire
The Byzantine Empire
How long did the Byzantine Empire persist after the year 476, approximately?
About two hundred extra years
About fifty additional years
About one thousand more years
About five thousand more years
Which statement best contrasts the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire around 476?
The Western Roman Empire fell; Byzantium endured
Byzantium fell; Rome continued thriving
Neither empire faced decline or collapse
Both empires collapsed at the same time
What does the highlighted number 476 on the slide signify?
Date of Western Rome’s fall
Year of Constantinople’s founding
Start of Byzantine golden age
End of medieval period in Europe
Which empire’s continuity helped preserve classical traditions after 476?
Mongol Empire
Frankish Empire
Byzantine Empire
Aztec Empire
If the Byzantine Empire lasted almost 1,000 more years after 476, around what century did it finally end?
Early 18th century
Mid-15th century
Early 10th century
Late 5th century
Why is the year 476 often used as a historical boundary in Europe?
It ends Byzantine rule entirely
It begins the Renaissance era
It starts the Age of Exploration
It marks the Western Roman collapse
Which term correctly identifies the empire centered in Constantinople that survived after 476?
Byzantine Empire
Holy Roman Empire
Sassanid Empire
British Empire
Which city served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire shown on the map?
Rome in the Italian peninsula
Cordoba in western Iberia
Constantinople near the Black Sea
Carthage on North African coast
In 565, which body of water was central to Byzantine trade and control as indicated on the map?
Black Sea north of Anatolia
Red Sea between Africa and Arabia
Mediterranean Sea across three continents
Atlantic Ocean to the northwest
According to the key, what does the yellow shading represent?
Major trade routes across seas
Independent city-states in Europe
Areas conquered after 1453
Byzantine Empire in 565 CE
Which neighboring region is shown east of Asia Minor and could influence Byzantine culture?
Spain to the southeast
Egypt to the northeast
Persian Empire to the east
Pre-Islamic Arabia to the southwest
Which statement best describes the empire’s maximum size as noted on the page?
The empire never expanded beyond Constantinople
This is as large as the empire will get
It reached its largest size after 1204
It was still expanding beyond 565
Which city in North Africa appears within the empire’s territory in 565?
Alexandria on the Nile delta
Cordoba on the Guadalquivir
Carthage on the Tunisian coast
Cairo far up the Nile
Which two seas border Asia Minor as shown?
Mediterranean and Black Seas
Atlantic and Red Seas
Aegean and Arabian Seas
Caspian and Mediterranean Seas
Which European regions appear outside Byzantine control in 565?
Anatolia and Constantinople outside control
Greece and Athens independent states
Spain and Cordoba outside control
Italy and Rome entirely controlled
Which city near the eastern Mediterranean is marked and significant to regional religions?
Athens on the Greek mainland
Jerusalem near the Levant coast
Rome on the Tiber River
Alexandria deep in Arabia
Which geographic feature likely helped the Byzantines connect Europe, Asia, and Africa?
Vast desert isolating regions
High mountains blocking travel
Frozen northern seas year-round
Central Mediterranean maritime routes
During which years did Justinian I rule the Byzantine Empire?
527 to 565 CE
395 to 453 CE
600 to 628 CE
476 to 500 CE
What does the term autocrat mean in the context of Byzantine rulers?
A ruler with complete authority
A ruler elected by nobles
A ruler who shares power equally
A ruler controlled by the Senate
Why did Justinian I have complete control over the Church?
He was considered Christ’s co-ruler on Earth
He abolished the role of bishops
He moved the capital to Rome
He created a new religion for the empire
Which title best describes Justinian I’s style of governance?
Republican leadership
Feudal leadership
Democratic leadership
Autocratic leadership
Which statement explains a key belief about the emperor’s religious role under Justinian I?
The emperor obeyed the Roman pope
The emperor rejected religious authority
The emperor acted as Christ’s co-ruler
The emperor separated Church and state
What was one major consequence of Justinian I being seen as Christ’s co-ruler?
The emperor directed church leadership
The empire abandoned Christianity
The Senate controlled church doctrine
The patriarch ruled the empire
Which characteristic of government is most associated with Justinian I?
Elected councils rule
Centralized authority
Shared monarch power
Regional independence
Identify the empire referenced along the page border.
Byzantine Empire
Roman Empire
Persian Empire
Holy Roman Empire
Which misconception about autocracy is corrected by Justinian’s example?
Autocrats hold complete authority
Autocrats have no role in religion
Autocrats are chosen by popular vote
Autocrats must share power with parliaments
What best links Justinian I’s political and religious power?
Military reforms and fortifications
Control of trade and taxes
Art patronage and mosaics
Authority over people and Church
Who served as Emperor Justinian I’s main advisor during his reign?
General Belisarius, military strategist
Empress Theodora, his wife
Patriarch of Constantinople, church leader
Senate council, civic officials
What reform focus is most closely associated with Theodora’s influence?
Trade monopolies on silk production
Military expansion into North Africa
Legal protections and rights for women
Tax collection restructuring across provinces
In what year did Theodora die according to the material?
A.D. 548, mid-sixth century
A.D. 555, late reign period
A.D. 565, Justinian’s death
A.D. 527, start of reign
How many years earlier did Theodora die than Justinian I?
12 years earlier than Justinian
17 years earlier than Justinian
5 years earlier than Justinian
20 years earlier than Justinian
What title is used for Theodora in the material’s illustration caption?
High Priestess Theodora, imperial consort
Empress Theodora, 527–548
Queen Theodora, ruler of Byzantium
Lady Theodora, advisor-in-chief
Which statement best explains Theodora’s political role in the Byzantine court?
She served as main advisor guiding reforms
She acted as ceremonial figure without influence
She managed the empire’s trade routes
She commanded armies on the eastern frontier
Identify the primary theme of the reforms linked to Theodora’s efforts.
Maritime law and naval policy
Agricultural taxation and land surveys
Provincial governance and bureaucracy
Women’s rights and social protections
Which pair correctly matches the reign dates shown for Justinian I?
545–575, late sixth-century period
530–560, mid-century governance
510–540, early sixth-century rule
527–565, long sixth-century reign
What is the broader historical context highlighted along the page border?
Holy Roman Empire (962–1806)
Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)
Byzantine Empire (395–1453)
Roman Empire (27 BCE–476 CE)
Which conclusion can students draw about Theodora’s legacy from the material?
Her role focused on provincial tax collection
Her influence was limited to court rituals
She was known for advancing women’s rights
She is remembered solely for military command
What event in 532 led Emperor Justinian to rebuild much of Constantinople?
An earthquake devastated city districts
A foreign invasion toppled defenses
Riots and fires destroyed many areas
A plague emptied the neighborhoods
Which leader worked to rebuild Constantinople and improve it after the 532 destruction?
Patriarch Photios
Emperor Justinian
General Belisarius
Emperor Theodosius I
What major architectural project in Constantinople was constructed between 532 and 537?
The Hagia Sophia church
The Hippodrome stands
The Theodosian Walls
The Great Palace complex
Why was rebuilding Constantinople necessary in 532?
Trade routes shifted away suddenly
Earthquakes ruined the harbor district
Taxes collapsed during famine
Riots and fire caused widespread damage
What best describes Justinian’s goal when rebuilding Constantinople after 532?
Restore it exactly as it was before
Make it even better than before
Move the capital to a new location
Reduce its size and population
Which statement about Hagia Sophia is accurate for the 532–537 period?
It functioned only as a market
It became a city granary
It was rebuilt as a grand church
It served as a royal barracks
What was one result of the riots and fire in 532 for the city of Constantinople?
The Hippodrome was permanently closed
Much of the city was destroyed
The empire split into two halves
Trade with Europe ended
Which accomplishment is highlighted as number 1 on this page?
Expanded Byzantine law code
Rebuilt Constantinople
Conquered the Sassanids
Invented Greek fire technology
Which time frame is directly linked to the construction of Hagia Sophia?
560 to 575
395 to 415
500 to 505
532 to 537
What feature makes Hagia Sophia notable in Constantinople’s architecture?
It was a stunning piece of design
It was the tallest military tower
It was the main tax collection hall
It was the largest imperial bath
Which structure is highlighted as a major accomplishment of the Byzantine Empire in the image?
The Imperial Palace gardens
The Hippodrome racetrack
Hagia Sophia cathedral complex
The Theodosian city walls
What does the name Hagia Sophia translate to in English?
Blessed Peace
Holy Wisdom
Divine Power
Sacred Light
According to the image, what was added after the church became a mosque in 1453?
Tall slender towers
Outer defensive walls
Marble interior floors
Bronze entrance doors
The dome of Hagia Sophia is described with which two measurements?
90 feet diameter, 160 feet height
102 feet diameter, 182 feet height
100 feet diameter, 150 feet height
120 feet diameter, 200 feet height
In 1453, Hagia Sophia’s status changed. Which event does this date correspond to?
Return to being a church
Collapse of the main dome
Beginning of its construction
Conversion to a mosque
Which architectural feature is emphasized at the center of the Hagia Sophia illustration?
A rectangular bell tower
A triangular pediment
A massive central dome
A pointed stone spire
Which statement best describes the minarets shown around Hagia Sophia?
They supported the main dome
They housed Byzantine relics
They were original to Justinian
They were added after 1453
How far is the top of Hagia Sophia’s dome from the floor, as stated in the image?
About 200 feet
About 150 feet
About 165 feet
About 182 feet
Which pair correctly matches Hagia Sophia’s dome diameter and the building’s purpose name?
110 feet and Blessed Peace
98 feet and Sacred Light
120 feet and Divine Power
102 feet and Holy Wisdom
What feature signifies the building’s use as a mosque after 1453 in the illustration?
Stone buttresses
Circular courtyard
Large bronze doors
Four minaret towers
Which construction project was part of Justinian’s building boom?
Open-air market plazas
Marble statue galleries
Long-distance aqueduct systems
Royal hunting reserves
What public infrastructure expanded under Justinian’s leadership?
Imperial theater troupes
Seasonal trade fairs
Private noble estates
Stone-paved road networks
Which defensive feature was constructed during Justinian’s building boom?
Border forts and strongholds
Decorative city fountains
Royal banquet halls
Imperial race tracks
Religious construction under Justinian included building what?
New churches and monasteries
Pilgrim hostels only
Synagogues and mosques
Shrines without clergy
Which option best describes aqueducts built in Justinian’s time?
Structures carrying water
Courts judging disputes
Warehouses storing taxes
Ships transporting grain
What was a major theme of Justinian’s achievements shown in the image?
Tax reforms primarily
Diplomatic treaties only
Military conquests alone
Large-scale building program
Which pair fits Justinian’s building projects?
Roads and aqueducts
Harbors and lighthouses
Libraries and schools
Palaces and theaters
Why would constructing roads help the empire?
Ended coastal fishing
Reduced religious festivals
Encouraged gladiator games
Improved movement across regions
How did forts contribute to Byzantine stability?
Replaced city councils entirely
Stopped all trade routes
Increased harvest yields yearly
Strengthened defense at key areas
Which set of projects reflects both civic and religious goals?
Aqueducts and monasteries
Race tracks and circuses
Tax offices and treasuries
Royal gardens and villas
What major legal achievement is associated with Emperor Justinian?
Religious creed for church doctrine
Compilation called Justinian’s Code
Tax ledger for imperial revenues
Military manual for Byzantine armies
Which earlier civilization’s laws were reformed to create Justinian’s Code?
Ancient Rome’s legal traditions
Persian Empire’s statutes
Greek city-state decrees
Egyptian pharaonic edicts
Why is Justinian’s Code historically significant for Europe?
It became the basis for many legal systems
It ended trade with Asian empires
It introduced universal military conscription
It replaced all local languages with Latin
Which symbol on the page best represents law and justice?
A wheat sheaf tied with ribbon
A sailing ship with tall masts
A flaming torch carried by runner
A judge’s gavel striking sound block
What does the term “reformed laws” most closely mean in this context?
Translated into poetry and song
Hidden away from public view
Destroyed and removed all statutes
Reorganized and updated legal codes
Select the statement that best describes Justinian’s action toward Roman laws.
He outlawed trials by jury
He ignored and replaced them
He systematized and clarified them
He exported them to China
Which outcome followed the creation of Justinian’s Code?
Unification of all world religions
Elimination of trade guilds
Immediate collapse of Byzantium
Long-lasting influence on European law
If a medieval European kingdom sought legal guidance, which source would most likely influence its system?
Edicts from Mongol Khans
Principles from Justinian’s Code
Rules of Mayan city-states
Customs of Viking sagas
Which phrase accurately completes: Justinian’s Code is to law as ______ is to judgment?
Gavel in a courtroom
Compass on a ship
Plow in a field
Lyre in a chorus
What time span appears on the page’s border for the Byzantine Empire?
600–1200 in cursive
27–476 in small print
1200–1600 in italics
395–1453 in bold text
Which emperor sought to expand Byzantine control by reclaiming former Roman lands from Germanic tribes?
Justinian I of Constantinople
Heraclius of Anatolia
Basil II of Macedonia
Leo III of Syria
How long before Justinian’s reign had the Western Roman Empire fallen?
About 51 years earlier
Roughly 5 years earlier
Around 10 years earlier
Nearly 100 years earlier
What was Justinian’s main military goal regarding territories in the West?
Defeat Germanic tribes
Invade the Balkans
Conquer Sassanid Persia
Annex North Africa
Which group occupied large parts of the former Western Roman Empire when Justinian became emperor?
Germanic tribes
Slavic confederations
Huns and Avars
Arab caliphates
What does the phrase “expanded the empire” most directly refer to in Justinian’s accomplishments?
Changing imperial titles
Regaining lost Western lands
Increasing trade taxes
Building new city walls
Why was the Roman Empire’s defeat described as not ‘ancient history’ at Justinian’s accession?
It had occurred only 51 years prior
It was still a myth among citizens
It happened centuries earlier
It was merely a local skirmish
Identify the correct cause-and-effect relationship from Justinian’s policies.
Trade deficits led to coin reform
Religious disputes led to codifying laws
Plague threats led to fortifying Constantinople
Germanic control led to reconquest campaigns
Which statement best explains Justinian’s motivation to fight in the West?
Restore Roman lands and prestige
Convert Germanic rulers to Orthodoxy
Secure silk routes from Asia
Punish tax rebels in provinces
What historical context is highlighted about the Western Empire’s fall relative to Justinian’s reign?
Its fall followed Byzantine collapse
Its fall predated Rome’s founding
Its fall happened after the Reconquista
Its fall was within living memory
Which outcome would align with Justinian’s expansion goal?
Reclaim Italy and North Africa
Divide the empire into city-states
Recognize Germanic kingdoms
Abandon territories in Spain
During 533–555, the Byzantine army fought wars with which group in North Africa?
Franks in North Africa
Saxons in North Africa
Huns in North Africa
Vandals in North Africa
Which two European regions gained Byzantine territory through expansion during 533–555?
Gaul and Germany
Germany and Britain
Italy and Spain
Gaul and Britain
Which Germanic group in Italy battled the Byzantine army between 533–555?
Ostrogoths in Italy
Visigoths in Italy
Franks in Italy
Vandals in Italy
In Spain, the Byzantine army fought against which group during 533–555?
Visigoths in Spain
Huns in Spain
Lombards in Spain
Vandals in Spain
What was a major outcome of the Byzantine wars from 533–555?
Alliance with the Huns
Collapse of the army
Expansion into Italy and Spain
Loss of eastern provinces
Which statement best summarizes the Byzantine accomplishments listed?
They avoided warfare entirely
They focused on trade only
They shrank due to invasions
They expanded through successful wars
Which opponent was located in North Africa during the Byzantine campaigns of 533–555?
Franks located in North Africa
Ostrogoths located in North Africa
Vandals located in North Africa
Visigoths located in North Africa
Which time span marks the Byzantine wars that led to expansion?
510–520
455–477
533–555
600–622
Which outcome correctly matches region and result of Byzantine action?
Spain—lost territory
Italy—gained territory
North Africa—lost all holdings
Gaul—gained territory
Which pair correctly matches opponent and region fought?
Franks—Italy
Visigoths—North Africa
Ostrogoths—Italy
Vandals—Spain
Which accomplishment is highlighted with the number 3 on this page?
Expanded the empire through conquests
Codified Roman law comprehensively
Built the Hagia Sophia cathedral
Strengthened the imperial bureaucracy
What major consequence did the wars of expansion have on the empire?
They greatly depleted the treasury
They expanded trade without costs
They immediately ended Persian threats
They created lasting peace in the West
After Justinian, from which direction did attacks threaten the empire?
From Arabs in the West
From Vandals in the South
From Persia in the East
From Franks in the North
What happened to Western territory gained during Justinian’s rule?
It was slowly lost over time
It was permanently secured
It was traded for peace
It expanded further westward
Which statement best explains a challenge of maintaining expansion?
New taxes guaranteed surplus funds
Costs of war drained financial resources
Allies financed every campaign
Supply lines made defense effortless
Which pair correctly matches ruler and outcome described here?
Justinian’s successors kept all conquests
Successors increased revenue easily
Justinian faced Viking raids exclusively
Justinian’s successors faced Persian attacks
Why did the empire’s situation change after Justinian’s rule?
Total isolation from all neighbors
Immediate peace treaties everywhere
New gold mines and stronger navy
External attacks and financial strain
Which region is explicitly mentioned as being lost over time?
Southern holdings in Egypt
Western territories gained earlier
Northern territories near the Danube
Eastern provinces near Persia
What is the implied relationship between expansion and later defense?
Expansion increased costs and vulnerability
Expansion eliminated all external threats
Expansion reduced military obligations
Expansion guaranteed lasting stability
Which statement reflects the overall message of the slide?
Peace followed expansion without resistance
Expansion ensured permanent wealth and power
Expansion stopped all Persian military activity
Expansion brought short-term gains with long-term costs
