2) Multicore or multiprocessor systems put pressure on programmers, presenting several challenges. Describe how a single-core system achieves concurrency (4 Marks)

3) Explain why Amdahl's Law is essential when planning parallel systems. (8 Marks)

4) State Amdahl's Law for speedup and define S and N in the context of an application that has both serial and parallel components. Include the inequality form of the speedup bound. (2 Marks)

5) For a program that is 75% parallel and 25% serial, moving from 1 to 2 cores, explain why the speedup is limited. ( 4 Marks)

6) For a program that is 75% parallel and 25% serial, moving from 1 to 2 cores, explain why there is a maximum speedup. ( 4 Marks)

7) A program is: 25% serial, 75% parallel with 4 CPU cores.

a) Explain the steps to get final speedup from Amdahl’s Law? (8 Marks)

b) State the final conclusion that you can obtain from the answer? (2 Marks)

8) Define the Many-to-One multithreading model. (4 Marks)

9) In the Many-to-One model, explain why multiple threads may not run in parallel on multicore systems. (2 Marks)

10) Define the One-to-One multithreading model. (4 Marks)

11) Define the Many-to-Many multithreading model. (4 Marks)

12) Describe the ONE (1) similarity of Two-level Model with Many-to many Model. ( 2 Marks)

13) Describe the ONE (1) dissimilarity of Two-level Model with Many-to many Model. ( 2 Marks)

14) Discuss ONE (1) characteristic of Single-Threaded Process and Multithreaded Process. (4 Marks)

15) By giving a diagram, describe the Multithreaded Server Architecture. (6 Marks)

16) Discuss TWO (2) benefits of Multithreaded Server Architecture. (4 Marks)