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WorksheetsGenetics Practice Test — Unit 4b Genetics (Advanced)
Total questions: 33
Worksheet time: 17mins
Which statement best describes the relationship between DNA and genes?
Genes are sections of DNA that carry instructions
DNA is a single gene that controls all traits
DNA and genes are exactly the same thing
DNA is found only in certain special cells
Which of the following is an inherited trait?
Learning to play piano
Height
A suntan
A scar from an injury
Identical twins raised in different environments show differences in weight, language, and preferences. What does this show?
All traits are inherited
All traits are acquired
Some traits are inherited and some influenced by environment
No traits can be inherited
Analyze the graph. Researchers studied the average lung volume of two different breeds of dog (Breed A and Breed B) raised at either sea level (low altitude) or 4,000 meters (high altitude). The results are shown in the graph below. Based on the results, what is the best conclusion?
Lung size is only inherited
Lung size is only acquired
Both genetics and environment influence traits
Neither genes nor environment affect traits
Which list correctly shows genetic structures from smallest to largest?
Nucleus → Chromosome → Gene → DNA
DNA → Genes → Nucleus → Chromosomes
Gene → DNA → Chromosome → Nucleus
DNA → Chromosome → Nucleus → Gene
A newly discovered organism has DNA floating freely in the cytoplasm. What type of organism is it?
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Virus
Plant cell
Two parents are carriers of a recessive disorder. What percent chance does each child have of inheriting it?
0%
25%
50%
75%
Which is an advantage of asexual reproduction?
Produces diverse offspring
Requires two parents
Produces offspring quickly
Involves mixing DNA
Two purple-flowered plants produce some white-flowered offspring. What must be true?
Both parents homozygous dominant
Both parents heterozygous
One parent white-flowered
Purple is recessive
Based on the pedigree chart shown, which statement best describes the inheritance pattern?
Affects males and females equally
Dominant autosomal
X-linked recessive
Skips every generation
Scenario: A doctor is reviewing the genetic report of a 14-year-old boy who is unusually tall, has low muscle tone, and is experiencing delayed puberty. The doctor looks at his karyotype, shown above. Based on the karyotype shown, this patient…
Typical male (46 chromosomes xy)
Turner syndrome (45 chromosomes x)
Klinefelter syndrome (47 chromosomes xxy)
Typical female (46 chromosomes xx)
Based on the graph about milk production, it shows…
Natural evolution
Natural selection
Selective breeding
Environmental change
Why do we see so many dog breeds?
Natural evolution
Climate differences
Selective breeding
Random mutations
A farmer wants drought-resistant plants. Which trait should they focus on?
Seed color
Plant height
Water needs
Grain size
To test whether a new plant breed is disease resistant, what experiment should be done?
Measure plant height
Grow in diseased field
Cross with many varieties
Count seeds
Which apple variety is best for cold, disease-prone regions?
Dorsett Golden (Warm climate)
Pink Lady (Mild winters)
Honeycrisp (Cold/disease-prone regions)
Tropical Beauty (Tropical)
A pea plant cross produces 90 green and 30 yellow peas. What are the likely parent genotypes?
GG × GG
GG × gg
Gg × gg
Gg × Gg
Which action helps humans pass desirable traits to plants?
Water daily
Select seeds from best plants
Remove weeds
Add fertilizer
Which is an ethical concern about GMO crops?
Fruit color
Cost
Effects on non-harmful insects
Shelf life
A TT × tt cross results in what offspring genotype/phenotype?
TT tall
Tt tall
Tt short
tt short
Which statement correctly compares sexual and asexual reproduction?
Asexual = diverse
Asexual uses two parents
Asexual identical; sexual diverse
Both always diverse
Which analogy explains genetic diversity in sexual reproduction?
Mixing LEGO sets
Copying same picture
One recipe book
Same puzzle repeatedly
What is the definition of inheritance?
Passing traits to offspring
Gaining environmental traits
Mixing genes between species
Asexual reproduction
Which genotype is heterozygous?
AA
aa
Aa
AA and Aa
If B = black fur and b = white fur, what is the phenotype of bb?
Black
White
Mixed
Heterozygous
Examine the diagram of a nucleic acid segment. The molecule contains a ribose sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases, one of which is uracil. Based on these structural features, which type of nucleic acid is shown?
DNA
RNA
DNA and RNA
Neither DNA nor RNA
Researchers are analyzing the genetic material of an unfamiliar organism. Their tests reveal the following features: it is double-stranded; its sugar component is deoxyribose; its nitrogenous bases include adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Based on these observations, how does this molecule compare to the nucleic acids commonly found in living organisms?
It is structurally identical to typical DNA
It resembles RNA because it contains thymine
It differs from DNA because it lacks uracil
It is a hybrid molecule containing features of both DNA and RNA
A geneticist is studying several altered DNA sequences to determine what type of mutation occurred in each. Compare the mutated sequences to the original strand. Original sequence: TAC GGT ACA Mutated sequences: Sequence A: TAC GAT ACA Sequence B: TAC GGG TAC A Sequence C: TAC GTA CA Which type of mutation best matches each sequence?
Sequence A – Substitution; Sequence B – Insertion; Sequence C – Deletion
Sequence A – Insertion; Sequence B – Deletion; Sequence C – Substitution
Sequence A – Deletion; Sequence B – Substitution; Sequence C – Insertion
Sequence A – Substitution; Sequence B – Deletion; Sequence C – Insertion
What can you conclude about the individual based on this karyotype?
It's a female with 46 chromosomes
It's a male with 46 chromosomes
It's a female with 47 chromosomes
It's a male with 45 chromosomes
A thief broke into a local ice cream shop after hours and helped himself to a giant tub of mint‑chocolate‑chip. While climbing out the back window, he scraped his arm and left a smear of blood on the sill. Investigators collected the DNA and compared it to three regular customers known for arguing about which flavor deserves to be the shop’s “Flavor of the Month.” Who is the thief?
Suspect 1
Suspect 2
Suspect 3
None of the above
Scientists collected chromosome data from several organisms and recorded the number found in their body cells and gametes.
Based on the data in the table, which statement best describes the relationship between chromosome number in body cells and gametes?
Gametes contain the same number of chromosomes as body cells
Body cells contain fewer chromosomes because they divide more often
Gametes contain half the number of chromosomes found in body cells
Body cells and gametes always contain identical chromosome numbers
A plant geneticist crossed two pea plants and recorded the phenotypes of the offspring. The results are shown in the table below:
Green and round are recessive traits
Yellow and wrinkled are dominant traits
The parent plants were both homozygous for both traits
Green and round are dominant traits
In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b), and long ears (L) are dominant over short ears (l).
A rabbit that is BbLl is crossed with another BbLl rabbit.
After completing the dihybrid Punnett square, which phenotype should appear least often in the offspring?
Black fur, long ears
Black fur, short ears
White fur, long ears
White fur, short ears
