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WorksheetsMetabolic evaluation and Voiding disorders
Total questions: 14
Worksheet time: 9mins
Which of the following blood tests is/are essential in the initial biological metabolic evaluation of urolithiasis?
Serum calcium
Serum amylase
Serum troponin
Serum bilirubin
urine dipstick test
A patient with recurrent stones requires a full biological metabolic evaluation. Which of the following MUST be included?
Serum IGF-1
24-hour urine calcium, citrate, and oxalate
Sperm culture
Urinary beta-2 microglobulin
glycated hemoglobin
Which serum abnormality suggests a need to search for primary hyperparathyroidism in a stone former?
Low uric acid
High phosphorus
Elevated calcium
Low sodium
high glycemia
Which laboratory finding is strongly suggestive of struvite (infection) stones?
Elevated urinary sodium Curic acid
Alkaline urine with positive nitrites
Acidic urine with low uric acid
Increased serum potassium
in initial metabolic evaluation, morning spot urine parameters are :
urine ph
urine culture
urine dipstick test
crystalluria
Density
Which of the following best describes normal urination?
It is voluntary, painless, complete, lasts less than one minute, and has a maximum urinary flow rate above 25 mL/s.
It is involuntary, sometimes painful, incomplete, and usually lasts more than two minutes.
It occurs at night at least twice and has intervals of less than one hour between voids.
It results from an imbalance between bladder contraction and sphincter relaxation.
It is defined only by the absence of pain during voiding.
It is defined only by the absence of pain during voiding.
It refers to an increased frequency of urination during the day, often with small voided volumes.
It is defined as an increased volume of urine excreted over 24 hours.
It is synonymous with nocturia.
It is always associated with urinary incontinence.
It only occurs in the context of diabetes insipidus.
Which of the following statements about dysuria are correct?
Dysuria refers to difficulty or discomfort during urination.
It may manifest as hesitancy, straining, or weak urinary stream.
It is most commonly caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men.
It can only occur in infectious diseases of the urinary tract.
It may be associated with both obstructive and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
Which of the following statements about acute urinary retention (AUR) are correct?
It is defined as the sudden and painful inability to void despite a full bladder.
The most common cause in men is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
It is usually painless and discovered incidentally on imaging.
It may be triggered by medications such as anticholinergics or opioids.
Initial management includes bladder decompression with urethral or suprapubic catheterization.
Micro-haematuria is all but one of the following:
Visible to the naked eye.
Worth investigating.
Sometimes associated with pathology.
commonly asymptomatic.
Present in UTIs.
Macrohaematuria is all but one of the following:
A sign of uropathology.
inadequately assessed with renal ultrasound.
Often seen in uncomplicated UTIs.
Commonly related to anti-platelet therapy.
Reasonable to ignore if it has only occurred once.
Regarding the different forms of urinary incontinence:
An abnormal communication between the bladder and the vagina is called a vesicovaginal fistula, which manifests as continuous and insensible urinary incontinence.
Chronic urinary retention may present with overflow incontinence.
When a patient is incontinent because they cannot reach the toilet due to impaired mobility, this is referred to as functional urinary incontinence.
In the elderly, urinary incontinence is frequently multifactorial, with predisposing non-urological factors such as polypharmacy, constipation, and mobility impairment.
In the elderly, chronic urinary tract infection is a contributing factor to urinary incontinence.
Which of the following factors are commonly associated with stress urinary incontinence in women?
Pelvic floor muscle weakness
Hormonal changes during menopause
Chronic cough
Obesity
Urinary tract infections
Which statements are correct?
Pollakiuria is frequent daytime urination.
Nocturia refer to waking up one or more times at night to void.
Pollakiuria = always nocturnal polyuria.
Nocturia may occur in lower urinary tract symptoms or sleep disorders.
Pollakiuria is often due to bladder irritation.
