Leukocytes that can engulf and destroy pathogens are known as ____.

Natural killer cells are a type of ____.

____ is a group of plasma proteins that assist in the destruction of foreign cells.

Interferons increase the activity of ____.

____ can cause dehydration, nausea, disorientation, hallucinations, seizures, and convulsions.

After an injury, the damaged cells release potent chemical signals including ____.

Adaptive immunity includes two separate but overlapping arms called ____.

____ provide defense against extracellular antigens like bacterial toxins and bacterial cells.

____ provide defense against viruses, abnormal cells, and other intercellular pathogens.

____ are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.

Helper T cells become activated by ____ that was engulfed and digested by a phagocyte.

The helper T-cell clones stimulate antibody production by ____.

Ninety percent of lupus patients are ____.

A common sign of ____ includes a butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose.

Cutaneous or discoid lupus affects only the ____, and accounts for approximately 10% of all lupus cases.

The rash associated with cutaneous lupus is commonly known as a discoid rash because the areas of the rash are ____.

The signs and symptoms of drug-induced lupus erythematosus are similar to those of ____.

If a patient develops ____ lupus, the signs and symptoms will disappear within days to months.

Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease of the ____.

The most common initial signs and symptoms of ____ are secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, thickening and tightening of the skin of the fingers, and pain in two or more joints.

____ is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease that affects the exocrine glands of the body.

The hallmark symptoms of ____ are dry eyes and mouth.

There are several different types of hypersensitivity. Type I is known as ____.

There are several different types of hypersensitivity. Type II is known as ____.

There are several different types of hypersensitivity. Type III is known as _____

There are several different types of hypersensitivity. Type IV is known as _____

The most common type of allergy is _____

A Type I allergic reaction is triggered by _____, the immunoglobulin that responds to the presence of allergens.

An example of _____ hypersensitivity is the response to an incompatible blood transfusion.

The delay in Type IV hypersensitivity occurs because the allergy is due to the action of _____

Allergy shots induce the production of _____ in the blood, which coats the allergen and blocks it from binding to IgE in the tissues.

AIDS is characterized by a reduction in the number of _____

The _____ stage of an HIV infection is when an HIV-infected patient experiences symptoms but has not yet developed AIDS.

The human immunodeficiency virus infects and kills _____

HIV is diagnosed using a(n) _____ to detect HIV antibodies in the blood.

At the _____ stage the patient has one of the AIDS indicators diseases and a helper T cell count of less than 200.

The etiology of Hodgkin's lymphoma is _____

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer of the body's _____

_____ may be treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a bone marrow transplant.

Nonspecific immunity must be primed by an initial exposure to an antigen before it can protect the body against disease.

Nonspecific immunity is present at birth and provides immediate, short-term protection against any antigen.

Secretions such as tears, saliva, sweat, and sebum contain chemicals that destroy foreign invaders.

While complement is part of nonspecific immunity, it helps both nonspecific and specific immunity.

Natural killer cells recognize and eliminate virus-infected cells and bacteria-infected cells.

The inflammatory response can be triggered by infection, trauma, intense heat, and chemicals.

Specific immunity is also known as adaptive immunity.

The first exposure to an antigen triggers cell-mediated immunity.

Memory T cells are responsible for a more potent and rapid antibody response during subsequent exposures to the same antigen.

Because of reduced antibody production, vaccines are less likely to produce immunity in older people.

Autoimmunity has no known cause, but it can be easily prevented.

The etiology of lupus is idiopathic.

Lupus can be easily diagnosed using a flow cytometry test.

Scleroderma is four times more common in men than in women.

Of the two major forms of scleroderma, the more common is systemic sclerosis scleroderma.

The etiology of scleroderma is idiopathic.

Sjögren's syndrome can be classified as primary or secondary.

Scleroderma can be cured with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressive

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: ______ is the body's ability to resist infectious disease.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: An ______ is any foreign substance that, when introduced into the body, activates the immune system.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: Nonspecific immunity is also known as ______ immunity.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: Leukocytes like macrophages and neutrophils can engulf and destroy pathogens, a process called ______.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: ______ are antiviral proteins produced by some animal cells after a viral infection.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: A ______, or an abnormally high body temperature, is a systematic response to an infection.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: Some of the benefits of ______ include slowing the growth rate of some pathogens, increasing the effect of interferons, enhancing phagocytosis, stimulating antibody production, and accelerating tissue repair.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: ______ prevents the spread of pathogens, disposes of cell debris and pathogens, and aids in repair of damaged tissue.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: During the inflammatory response, debris and dead and dying cells may accumulate, forming ______.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: Antibodies are also called ______.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: A helper ______ cell is also called a CD4 cell.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: ______ T cells are also called CD8 cells.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: As humans age, the ______ atrophies, causing a sharp decrease in the number and type of T cells produced.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: An Enzyme ______ (EIA) test uses an enzyme to label either the antibody or the antigen.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: C-reactive protein test and erythrocyte sedimentation tests measure general levels of ______ in the body.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: ______ occurs when individuals develop antibodies called autoantibodies to their own tissues or self antigens.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: ______ is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, joints, heart, lungs, blood, kidneys, and the brain.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: Seventy percent of people with lupus have the systemic form, called systemic lupus ______ (SLE).

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: ______ lupus is a rare condition acquired from maternal autoantibodies.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: Sjögren's syndrome often affects women during their childbearing years, suggesting a link with Sjögren's syndrome and the hormone ______.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: An ______, or hypersensitivity, is an extreme immune response to a harmless antigen.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: Allergy problems arise because the IgE binds to mast cells and induces them to release ______ and other potent chemicals responsible for allergy symptoms.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: The signs and symptoms of ______ include a sudden drop in blood pressure, narrowing of the airways, rapid and weak pulse, hives, and nausea and vomiting.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: The cause of AIDS is HIV, a ______ that carries its genetic information as RNA rather than DNA.

Choose the single best term to correctly complete the statement: Hodgkin's ______, also known as Hodgkin's disease, is a cancer of the immune system.