WorksheetsBIOLOGY SPM REVISON 2026
Total questions: 500
Worksheet time: 3hrs 47mins
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Produces ATP
Produces proteins and lipids
Keep the organelles in place
Control what enters and leaves the cell
The process on the right is:
Right: meiosis
Right: cloning
Right: meiosis
Right: mitosis
Which of these occurs just before the cell enters the G2 stage of the cell cycle?
r=wrinkled seed.
Cross a homozygous round with a wrinkled. Which statement predicts the results?
w= non-white hair
If you cross a horse with WW and a horse with ww what fraction of the offspring would be expected to have white hair?
Natural selection could not occur without
geographic isolation
variation in the population
stable environments
competition for unlimited resources
Which body system's main function is to direct body activities by sending and receiving impulses?
cardiovascular
endocrine
lymphatic
nervous
Which body system's main function is to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen through the breathing process?
reproductive
sensory
respiratory
integumentary
Which body system's main function is to carry oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and remove waste from them?
cardiovascular
nervous
digestive
muscular
Which body system's main functions are to take in nutrients from food, absorb water, and eliminate solid waste?
reproductive
urinary
digestive
respiratory
Collagen is found in connective tissue throughout the human body. Collagen is made of three amino acid chains that are twisted around one another.
Which of the following best explains why collagen is classified as a protein?
It is found in a tissue.
It is made up of amino acids.
It is made up of twisted chains.
It is found throughout the human body.
In tigers, the allele for orange fur is dominant to the allele for white fur. If two heterozygous tigers mate and produce offspring, what is the probability of an individual offspring having white fur?
0
1/4
1/2
1
A scientist is trying to determine how closely related two species of plants are. Which of the following would be most useful for the scientist to compare?
the root depths of the plants
the leaf structures of the plants
the genetic sequences of the plants
the nutrient requirements of the plants
S. epidermidis can sometimes infect wounds. The symptoms of the infection include swelling, pain, pus, skin that is warm to the touch, and redness at the infection site.
Based on the symptoms, which of these human body systems work together to restore homeostasis?
circulatory system and immune system
immune system and reproductive system
skeletal system and respiratory system
respiratory system and nervous system
Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes viruses from the bacteria B. thetaiotaomicron and S. epidermidis?
Viruses lack mitochondria.
Viruses lack genetic material.
Viruses are unable to accumulate mutations.
Viruses are unable to reproduce outside of host cells.
Which of the following best explains how antibiotic resistance spreads through some populations of the bacteria S. epidermidis?
All S. epidermidis cells exposed to antibiotics respond by developing mutations.
Some S. epidermidis cells exposed to antibiotics survive and pass their genes on to their offspring.
Exposure to antibiotics causes S. epidermidis cells to learn simple behaviors that help the cells survive.
Exposure to antibiotics causes an increase in the respiration rate of S. epidermidis cells living on the skin.
A high respiratory rate usually indicates that a person’s body needs more
antibodies.
carbon dioxide.
oxygen.
platelets
A particular species of moth can have green or yellow scales on its wings. The scale color is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, the green allele and the yellow allele. When moths that are homozygous for green scales are mated with moths that are homozygous for yellow scales, 100% of the offspring have green scales.
Based on this information, how do the alleles for scale color interact?
The green allele is dominant to the yellow allele.
The green allele is recessive to the yellow allele.
The green allele and the yellow allele are codominant.
The green allele and the yellow allele are incompletely dominant.
The dusky rattlesnakes that live in the mountains of Mexico have a variety of color patterns, body shapes, and behaviors. A recent study of dusky rattlesnake DNA concluded that there is a lot of genetic diversity within the species.
Which of the following statements describes what most likely caused this great genetic diversity in dusky rattlesnakes?
Stable conditions decreased the population sizes of rattlesnakes.
Climate change caused some rattlesnake species to become extinct.
Rattlesnake populations inhabited various types of niches over time.
Environmental extremes caused rattlesnakes to reproduce more often.
Early explorers in the United States often observed huge flocks of passenger pigeons. In the 1800s, hunters began netting and shooting the birds in huge numbers to sell as food. In 1914, passenger pigeons were declared extinct when the last one died at the Cincinnati Zoo.
Which of the following best explains why passenger pigeons became extinct?
Humans consumed the passenger pigeons’ main source of food.
Zookeepers did not understand how to keep passenger pigeons alive.
Hunters killed passenger pigeons faster than the pigeons could reproduce.
Passenger pigeon populations were so large that there was not enough food for them to survive.
A female Hymenoepimecis wasp will temporarily paralyze a spider and then lay an egg on the spider’s abdomen. After the paralysis wears off, the spider resumes its normal activity. When the egg hatches, the larva grows by sucking its required nutrients from the spider.
What type of relationship exists between the spider and the Hymenoepimecis wasp?
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
predator-prey
An aquarium contains two brine shrimp populations, Artemia sinica and Artemia franciscana. An individual from the A. sinica population and an individual from the A. franciscana population are unable to do which of the following?
grow under the same conditions
compete for the same food source
produce fertile offspring with each other
break down the same types of sugars for energy
Fossilized remains of prehistoric mastodons show anatomical similarities to modern-day elephants. These similarities provided the first evidence that mastodons were related to modern-day elephants.
Which of the following is the best additional evidence that mastodons were related to elephants?
Mastodons walked on four legs like modern-day elephants.
Mastodons ate a diet similar to that of modern-day elephants.
Mastodon fossils were found in the same area where modern-day elephants live.
Mastodon tissues contained protein sequences similar to those of modern-day elephants.
Which of the following processes removes carbon from the air and uses it to make organic compounds?
combustion
decomposition
photosynthesis
respiration
Lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA all exist in human cells as long molecular chains. Which of the following describes how DNA differs from lipids and carbohydrates?
Only DNA has carbon atoms.
Only DNA is found in the cytoplasm.
Only DNA is needed to create new cells.
Only DNA contains genetic information.
Diatoms are marine organisms with unique cell walls that contain the element silicon. Which of the following are two common elements found in the cells of diatoms?
aluminum and magnesium
helium and hydrogen
mercury and neon
nitrogen and phosphorus
Each summer, up to 40% of the lobsters in a certain area lose one of their claws due to injury. By late fall, the missing claw usually begins to grow back.
Which of the following describes the process by which lobsters grow new claws?
Lysosomes fuse together to recycle matter to build a new claw.
Mitotic cell division adds new cells to rebuild the lobster’s claw.
Facilitated diffusion moves body cells from the remaining claw to the new claw.
Cellular respiration creates nutrients to enlarge existing cells in the lobster’s claw.
Some populations of Atlantic tomcod fish have an allele that makes the fish resistant to toxic pollutants called PCBs. Tomcod populations in several rivers were analyzed for the presence of this allele. Each river had varying levels of PCB pollution.
Which of the following results would best support the conclusion that natural selection is influencing the presence of this allele in the tomcod populations?
All of the tomcod in each of the rivers have this allele.
The percentage of tomcod with this allele remains the same from year to year in each river.
The rivers with high PCB levels have larger percentages of tomcod with this allele than the rivers without PCBs.
Eggs from tomcod without this allele can hatch in rivers with or without PCBs, and eggs from tomcod with this allele can only hatch in rivers without PCBs.
Which of the following best describes how enzymes affect chemical reactions?
They speed up the rate of reactions.
They change the reactants into ions.
They dissolve the products of reactions.
They take the place of one of the reactants.
Which of the following statements best explains why introduced species often threaten native species in an ecosystem?
Introduced species often have less genetic diversity than native species.
Introduced species often lack natural predators in their new environment.
Introduced species often form mutualistic relationships with native species.
Introduced species often cause short-term droughts in their new environment.
This model represents what kind of cell?
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Protozoal
Fungal
Amino acids are the monomer of which of the following macromolecules?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Which of the following elements is NOT common to all macromolecules?
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Movement of particles from high to low concentration is....
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Identify the stage of mitosis.
Anaphase
Cytokinesis
Telophase
Metaphase
In meiosis, ___ ______ cells are produced.
4 identical
4 nonidentical
2 identical
2 nonidentical
What do viruses have in common with living cells? They both...
store genetic information
have chloroplasts
use glucose for cellular respiration
have endoplasmic reticulum
Which viral life cycle kills its host cell by lysing (rupturing)?
lytic
mitosis
lysogenic
meiosis
How would the DNA sequence GCATTC be transcribed to mRNA?
GCTAAG
GCATTC
CGUAAG
Which of the following is homozygous recessive?
AA
Aa
aa
Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms.
Which organism is the LEAST related to the other three organisms?
Organism 1
Organism 2
Organism 3
Organism 4
The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates.
These structures are...
Analogous
Homologous
Vestigial
The diagram shows light- and dark-colored beetles that live on a tree.
Most likely, over time...
the number of light-colored beetles in the population will increase.
There will be more dark-colored beetles than light-colored beetles.
The number of light-colored beetles will decrease.
In ALL cells, proteins are synthesized (created) by which organelle?
Golgi body
Mitoichondrion
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Identify the process in the image.
Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
Facilitated diffusion
In DNA replication, the process is called "semiconservative" because 2 strands are produced, they are...
both completely new
both half new and half old
one completely new and one completely old
The entire set of genes in an organism is known as it's....
DNA sequence
Genotype
Genome
Phenotype
Diffusion is a passive process because it requires NO ENERGY (ATP). What type of diffusion is shown in this diagram?
Osmotic Diffusion
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Which process is represented by letter A?
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Transpiration
What model of a biological process is shown?
Mitosis
Transcription
DNA Replication
Translation
In DNA, adenine bonds with...
Uracil
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
All of the following are functions of proteins EXCEPT—
Store and transmit genetic information
Build tissues such as bone and muscle
Control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes
Help fight disease
Which of these occurs just before the cell enters the G2 stage of the cell cycle?
the nuclear membrane disintegrates
Centrioles form
the nucleolus divides
DNA replicates
According to the graphs, the enzyme works best at what pH and temp?
Temp above 50 degrees C & pH above 12
Temp and pH have no effect on the action of this enzyme
Temp of 50 degrees C and a pH of 10
Temp of 35 degrees C and a pH of 8
If 15% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine (T), what percentage of the sample is made up of adenine (A)?
15%
30%
70%
85%
Identify the monomer.
Amino acid
Nucleotide
Monosaccharide
Fatty acid
What is this an example of?
Homologous structure
Analogous structure
Vestigial organs
Functional adaption
All populations living together in a given area is known as a(n)...
ecosystem
community
biodiversity
population
Organism that consume other organisms for food...
heterotroph
autotroph
producer
detritivore
In the food web shown, if the snake was removed from the ecosystem the grasshopper population would increase due to less predation from mice and birds.
True
False
Which is an example of a mutualistic relationship?
a bee pollinates a flower
a tapeworm takes nutrients from a dog
an orchid lives in a tree but does not harm the tree
In which type of relationship does one species benefit and the other is neither helped nor harmed?
parasitism
mutualism
commensalism
one
two
three
five
Bb
Homozygote
alleles
Blue eyes
Having two of the same genes for the trait is known as...
homozygous
heterozygous
In Snapdragons, crossing a white flower with a red flower produces offspring with pink flowers. Which of the following represents this pattern of inheritance?
Simple inheritance
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
Mendelian inheritance
DNA
phenotype
trait
allele
If green is dominant over purple, then which of the following would the possible genotype(s) of a purple individual?
gg
Gg
GG
Gg and gg
Tall = T Short = S
Tall = T Short = t
Tall = t Short = T
What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring?
3:1
1:3
1:2:1
2:2
What are the possible for this cross?
TT = 25% Tt= 50% tt=25%
100% TT
TT= 75% tt = 25%
Tt = 100%
Identify the hypertonic solution.
1st image (left)
2nd image (middle)
3rd image (right)
Equality
Balance
Homeostasis
Which organism has open blood circulatory system?
Frog
Fish
Prawn
Human
What are the characteristics of artery?
Thick, less muscular and elastic
Thin, less muscular and less elastic
Thin, muscular and less elastic
Thick, muscular and elastic
Protein containing iron is known as
haemoglobin
hormone
globulin
fibrinogen
Pulmonary veins transport
red oxygenated blood
deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
bluish red deoxygenated blood
Bella is a girl with blood group AB. She can donate blood to______
Jasmine with blood group A
Danial with blood group O
Rita with blood group B
James with blood group AB
Organs transplant fails if the
excess heparin found in blood
recipient is not ready for transplant
organ is perceived as a toxin by the recipient body
Heart is made up of
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
skeletal muscle
What is the function of pulmonary circulation?
To deliver blood to all parts of the body
To deliver blood to lungs
To deliver blood to all parts of the body except the lungs
To deliver blood to body cells
Which of the following statement is not true about the function of lymphatic system?
Transport fatty acid and glycerol molecules
Produce antibodies
Returns the interstitial fluid back into circulatory system
Transports glucose and amino acid molecules
The thromboplastins in the presence of __________and __________, convert prothrombin to thrombin.
I. sodium ion
II. vitamin K
III. potassium
IV. calcium ion
I and II
II and IV
I and IV
II and III
Restricted blood flow can cause
hypertension
atherosclerosis
breathing difficulty
angina
Which organism has open blood circulatory system?
Frog
Fish
Prawn
Human
_______________is located between left vetricle and left atrium.
Semilunar valve
Bicuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
What are the characteristics of artery?
Thick, less muscular and elastic
Thin, less muscular and less elastic
Thin, muscular and less elastic
Thick, muscular and elastic
The 'lub' sound produced after
semilunar valves close
atria are fully contracted
ventricles start to relax
bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve suddenly close
Protein containing iron is known as
haemoglobin
hormone
globulin
fibrinogen
Pulmonary veins transport
red oxygenated blood
deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
bluish red deoxygenated blood
Bella is a girl with blood group AB. She can donate blood to______
Jasmine with blood group A
Danial with blood group O
Rita with blood group B
James with blood group AB
Organs transplant fails if the
excess heparin found in blood
recipient is not ready for transplant
organ is perceived as a toxin by the recipient body
Heart is made up of
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
skeletal muscle
What is the function of pulmonary circulation?
To deliver blood to all parts of the body
To deliver blood to lungs
To deliver blood to all parts of the body except the lungs
To deliver blood to body cells
Which of the following statement is not true about the function of lymphatic system?
Transport fatty acid and glycerol molecules
Produce antibodies
Returns the interstitial fluid back into circulatory system
Transports glucose and amino acid molecules
The thromboplastins in the presence of __________and __________, convert prothrombin to thrombin.
I. sodium ion
II. vitamin K
III. potassium
IV. calcium ion
I and II
II and IV
I and IV
II and III
Restricted blood flow can cause
hypertension
atherosclerosis
breathing difficulty
angina
How many chambers does a frog's heart have?
1
2
3
4
What is the antigen on blood group O?
Antigen A
Antigen B
Antigen A and Antigen B
None
Veins have valves to
prevent the veins from collapse
prevent the back flow of blood
restrict blood flow
Which of the following is the main circulatory fluid in our body
Plasma
Blood
Interstitial fluid
Which of the following is the function of the cell above?
For blood clotting
To transport oxygen
To defend against infection
________is a threadlike protein fibre that forms a network on the wound surface to close the wound to prevent excessive blood loss.
Fibrin
Thrombin
Prothrombin
Fibrinogen
________separate the left part of the heart from the right part of the heart to prevent mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Semilunar valve
Septum
The following features are found only in the plant cell
Lysosome
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Central vacuole
The animal that is hunted and killed for food.
Decomposer
Predator
Scavenger
Prey
Which of the following organisms has the highest TSA/V ratio?
Amoeba
Grasshopper
Elephant
Human
Name the type of circulatory system.
Open circulatory system
Closed and single circulatory system
Closed, double and incomplete circulatory system
Closed, double and complete circulatory system
2 atria, 1 ventricle
Which animal has the above heart structure?
Insect
Fish
Amphibian
Human
Select the correct answer.
Open circulatory system
Closed circulatory system
Deoxygenated blood is transported through pulmonary artery to the lungs.
Systemic circulation
Pulmocutaneous circulation
Select the organism with the heart as shown in the diagram.
Insect
Fish
Frog
Human
Select the organism with the heart as shown in the diagram.
Insect
Fish
Frog
Human
Select the organism with the heart as shown in the diagram.
Insect
Fish
Frog
Human
Select the organism with the heart as shown in the diagram.
Insect
Fish
Frog
Human
Oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to all body tissues through the aorta.
Systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation
'ORGANELLE' is tiny structure in a cell that carry out specific function for the cell.
True
False
What does Mitochondria generate during Cellular respiration ?
Generates dissolve substance during Cellular respiration
Generates turgidity during Cellular respiration
Generates energy during Cellular respiration
Generates osmotic during Cellular respiration
Blood Glucose Level in the body regulated by ?
Endocrine System
Circulatory System
Osmotic System
Lipid System
A Paramecium Species is an example of a double-cellular organism.
True
False
Structure of the basic unit of Organic Compound of Deoxyribonucleic Acid has four types.What are the types ?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Polynucleotide
Guanine
Which Nervous System has connected to Brain and Spinal Cord in the Human Nervous System ?
Peripherel Nervous System
Central Nervous System
How many Thoraic are there in Human Vertebral Column ?
4
5
7
12
Skull is which type of skeleton in Human Skeleton ?
Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Girdle Skeleton
Blood Group and Type of Fingerprint are which group in Variation ?
Continuos
Discontinuos
Environmental Factors
Hypothalamus
What does Nucleas carry in DNA ?
Carry turgidity of cell in DNA
Carry genetic information in DNA
Carry excess water in DNA
Carry Osmotic of the cell in DNA
Ends with diploid number of chromosomes
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both
Involves crossing over
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both
Chromosomes condense
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both
Produces four cells
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both
involves 1 division of nucleus
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both
produces identical daughter cells
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both
forms gametes
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both
for growth and repair
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both
involves two divisions of the nucleus
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both
produces haploid cells
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both
produces non-identical cells
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both
begins with diploid parent cell
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both
Interphase I
Interphase II
Prophase I
Prophase II
Interphase I
Interphase II
Prophase I
Prophase II
Prophase I
Prophase II
Metaphase I
Metaphase II
Anaphase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Cytokinesis I
Telophase I
Telophase II
Cytokinesis I
Cytokinesis II
Telophase I
Cytokinesis I
Prophase II
Anaphase I
Anaphase II
Telophase I
Telophase II
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
Apakah unit asas bagi perwarisan? (SPM 2014)
Gen
Trait
Ciri
Kromosom
Rajah menunjukkan sepasang kromosom homolog. Apakah Tt? (SPM 2013)
Genotip
Fenotip
Kromatin
Kromosom
Rajah manakah menunjukkan alel yang betul pada kromosom homolog? (SPM 2017)
Rajah menunjukkan satu struktur molekul. Apakah struktur itu? (SPM 2013)
DNA
Gen
Nukleotida
Kromosom
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
Apakah jenis gamet yang boleh dihasilkan oleh pokok kacang pea heterozigus (BbHh) untuk warna bunga dan kedudukan bunga? (SPM 2014)
Bb dan Hh
BH dan bh
Bb, Hh, BH, bh
BH, Bh, bH, bh
Seorang penternak ingin menghasilkan arnab hitam dan arnab putih dengan nisbah yang sama. Bulu hitam, H adalah trait dominan terhadap bulu putih. Antara kacukan berikut, yang manakah menghasilkan nisbah arnab yang diingini? (SPM 2018)
HH x Hh
HH x hh
Hh x Hh
Hh x hh
Apakah yg dimaksudkn dgn 'SEL' dlm biologi ( struktur & organisasi sel) ?
kehidupan unit asas
unit asas kehidupan
asas kehidupan unit
kehidupan asas unit
SEL terdiri drpd _____ yg menyelaputi ______ .
protoplasma, membrane plasma
membran plasma, protoplasma
protoplasma, sitoplasma
membran plasma, nukleus
2 jenis komponen sel BUKAN ORGANEL ialah...
sitoplasma, dinding sel, membran plasma
dinding sel, sitoplasma, jalinan endoplasma kasar
membran plasma, jalinan endoplasma licin, dinding sel
jalinan endoplasma licin, jalinan endoplasma kasar, membrane plasma
PROTOPLASMA terdiri drpd...
sitoplasma & nukleus
membran plasma & nukleus
sitoplasma sahaja
membran plasma sahaja
Struktur khas yg diselaputi membran & menjlnkn fungsi tertentu dikenali sebagai...
organel
protoplasma
sitoplasma
bukan organel
Membran separa telap yg nipis merupakn struktur bagi komponen sel bukan organel iaitu...
dinding sel
nukleus
sitoplasma
membran plasma
Sitoplasma ialah...
mempunyai 2 lapisan membran
telap sepenuhnya
Bahan spt jeli yg mengandungi organel
separa telap
Mikroskop yg digunakn utk melihat SEL ialah...
mikroskop elektron
mikroskop cahaya
Fungsi bagi struktur yg memiliki lapisan selulosa yg tebal & telap sepenuhnya ialah...
mengawal pergerakan bahan dan mengekalkn bentuk sel
mengekalkn bentuk sel dan memberi sokongan
memberi sokongan dan mengawal pergerakan bahan2
lain lain
Rajah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada salur darah manusia. Antara yang berikut, yang manakah BENAR tentang X? (SPM 2014)
Kehadiran injap
Dinding otot tebal
Mengangkut darah terdeoksigen
Darah mengalir di bawah tekanan rendah
Pernyataan berikut adalah ciri-ciri darah yang diangkut oleh satu salur darah dalam badan manusia.
* Kepekatan oksigen yang tinggi
* Kepekatan karbon dioksida yang rendah
* Tekanan darah rendah
Aorta
Vena kava
Vena pulmonari
Arteri pulmonari
A
B
C
D
Rajah menunjukkan carta palang bagi kepekatan oksigen dalam sampel darah yang diambil daripada salur darah yang berlainan. Antara sampel darah A, B, C dan D yang manakah diambil daripada vena pulmonari? (SPM 2015)
A
B
C
D
Rajah menunjukkan satu tasik yang terletak berdekatan kawasan pertanian. Apakah organisma P dan kesannya kepada tasik itu? (SPM 2012)
Bakteria, Mengurangkan keperluan oksigen biokimia
Alga, Menghalang penembusan cahaya ke dalam tasik
Keladi bunting, Menyediakan habitat untuk organisma lain
Larva nyamuk, Makanan kepada ikan
Penyataan berikut adalah ciri-ciri bagi suatu fenomena.Apakah fenomena ini? (SPM2013)
Hujan asid
Eutrofikasi
Penipisan ozon
Kesan rumah hijau
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menyiasat tahap pencemaran air dalam empat sampel air. Antara yang berikut, sampel air yang manakah paling tercemar? (SPM2014)
A
B
C
D
Maklumat berikut adalah mengenai eutrofikasi. Bahan manakah yang menyebabkan eutrofikasi? (SPM2014)
Plumbum
Enapan
Fosfat
Bahan buangan radioaktif
Rajah adalah graf yang menunjukkan kepekatan oksigen terlarut pada lokasi berbeza di sepanjang sebatang sungai.
Pada lokasi yang manakah A,B,C dan D mengandungi Keperluan Oksigen Biokimia (BOD) yang paling tinggi? (SPM 2015)
A
B
C
D
Apakah kemungkinan S?
Semasa metamorfosis,semasa berudu bertukar menjadi katak, ekornya akan dicernakan oleh sejenis organel. Apakah organel tersebut ?
Jasad golgi
Nukleus
Mitokondria
Lisosom
Molekul bergerak mengikut kecerunan kepekatan dengan bantuan protein pembawa dan tidak memerlukan tenaga.
Apakah jenis pergerakan ini ?
Osmosis
Resapan ringkas
Pengangkutan aktif
Resapan berbantu
Manakah antara molekul berikut dapat merentasi dwilapisan fosfolipid tanpa bantuan protein pembawa ?
Ion natrium
Karbon dioksida
Glukosa
Asid amino
Antara berikut yang manakah menunjukkan struktur sel darah merah selepas diletakkan di dalam air suling ?
Rajah 1 menunjukkan suatu sel tumbuhan dalam air suling.
Diagram 1 shows a plant cell in distilled water.
Apakah proses P?
What is process P?
Osmosis
Osmosis
Pengangkutan berbantu
Facilitated transportation
Resapan berbantu
Facilitated difussion
Pengangkutan aktif
Active transport
Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pergerakan bahan merentasi tiub visking.
Diagram 2 shows an experiment to investigate the movement of substances across a visking tube.
Apakah process yang berlaku dalam eksperimen tersebut?
What is the process that takes place in this experiment?
Resapan
Diffusion
Pengangkutan berbantu
Facilitated transportation
Pengangkutan aktif
Active transport
Osmosis
Osmosis
Rajah 3 menunjukkan pergerakan molekul-molekul merentasi membran plasma melalui satu proses.
Diagram 3 shows the movement of molecules across the plasma membrane through a process.
Process tersebut ialah
The process is
pengangkutan berbantu
facilitated transportation
resapan berbantu
facilitated difussion
osmosis
osmosis
pengangkutan aktif
active transport
Sejenis pergerakan molekul-molekul merentasi membran plasma diterangkan dalam maklumat yang berikut:
A type of movement of molecules across the plasma membrane is described in the following information:
Molekul-molekul dan ion-ion bergerak melawan kecerunan kepekatan dan memerlukan tenaga
Molecules and ions move against the concentration gradient and require energy
Pergerakan tersebut dikenali sebagai
The movement known as
pengangkutan berbantu
facilitated transportation
resapan berbantu
facilitated difussion
osmosis
osmosis
pengangkutan aktif
active transport
Rajah 6 menunjukkan pergerakan molekul-molekul Y merentasi membran plasma.
Diagram 6 shows the movement of molecules Y across the plasma membrane.
Apakah kesimpulannya?
What is the conclusion?
Molekul-molekul Y bergerak secara resapan berbantu
Molecules Y move by facilitated difussion
Molekul-molekul Y bergerak secara osmosis
Molecules Y move by osmosis
Molekul-molekul Y larut dalam lipid
Molecules Y move is soluble in lipid
Molekul-molekul Y bergerak secara pengangkutan berbantu
Molecules Y move by facilitated transportation
Satu sel tumbuhan direndam di dalam air suling selama 15 minit. Selepas itu, sel tersebut dikeluarkan dan direndam di dalam larutan sukrosa 30%.
A plant cell is immersed in distilled water for 15 minutes. After that, the cell taken out and immersed in 30% sucrose solution.
Apakah keadaan sel tumbuhan tersebut jika ia dimasukkan semula ke dalam air suling selama 15 minutes?
What is the condition of the plant cell if it is put back into the distilled water for 15 minutes?
Rajah 5 menunjukkan pergerakan bahan Q merentasi membran plasma. Bahan Q bergerak merentasi membran plasma melalui
osmosis
resapan ringkas
pengangkutan aktif
resapan berbantu
Rajah 4 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma. Manakah antara molekul berikut dapat merentasi P?
Amino Asid
Glikogen
Air
Kanji
Rajah menunjukkan sel tumbuhan yang direndam dalam larutan A selama 30 minit. Apakah jenis larutan A?
Hipotonik
Isotonik
Hipertonik
Karsinogenik
Pergerakan bahan dalam oganisma hidup melibatkan pengangkutan pasif dan pengangkutan aktif.
Antara proses berikut, yang manakah melibatkan pengangkutan aktif?
Penyerapan air oleh rerambut akar tumbuhan
Penyerapan glukosa melalui vilus di dalam usus kecil
Pergerakan ion natrium ke dalam sel pada dinding tubul ginjal
Pertukaran gas di antara alveolus dan kapilari darah semasa respirasi
Rajah 5 menunjukkan sel yang telah dimasukkan ke dalam larutan tertentu. Apakah proses yang dialami oleh sel itu?
Krenasi
Plasmolisis
Deplasmolisis
Hemolisis
Apakah struktur S?
What is structure S?
Kolesterol
Cholesterol
Kepala berkutub hidrofilik
Polar hydrophilic head
Glikolipid
Glicolipid
Fosfolipid
Phospholipid
Apakah struktur X dan Y?
What are structure X and Y?
X : kepala berkutub fosfolipid
Y : Kepala tidak berkutub fosfolipid
X : kepala berkutub hidrofilik
Y : Kepala tidak berkutub hidrofobik
X : kepala berkutub hidrofobik
Y : Ekor tidak berkutub hidrofilik
X : kepala berkutub hidrofilik
Y : Ekor tidak berkutub hidrofobik
Apakah struktur J dan K?
What are structure J and K?
J - Protein pembawa / Carrier protein
J - Protein liang / channel protein
K - Glikolipid / Glicolipid
K - Glikoprotein / Glicoprotein
Apakah konsep membran separa telap?
What is the concept of semi-permeable membrane?
Semua molekul bebas bergerak merentasinya dengan syarat.
Allows all types of molecules to move freely across it in one condition.
Semua molekul tidak boleh merentasinya
Does not allow any molecules to move across it.
Membenarkan sesetengah molekul merentasinya dan beberapa molekul tidak boleh merentasinya
Allow only few types of molecules to move freely across them but prevent the passage of other types of molecules.
Pada waktu tertentu molekul boleh bergerak bebas dan adakalanya tidak boleh.
All molecules can move freely across it in certain time while others cannot.
What is the best way to refresh the wilted vegetables?
Apakah kaedah terbaik untuk menjadikan sayur-sayuran yang layu segar semula?
Immerse the vegetables in tap water
Rendam sayuran di dalam air paip
Immerse the vegetables in salt water
Rendam sayuran di dalam air masin
Keep the vegetables in a transparent plastic bag
Simpan sayuran di dalam beg plastic lutsinar
Keep the vegetables in the refrigerator
Simpan sayuran di dalam peti sejuk
Diagram shows the movement of molecules across membrane plasma. Name the process shown in diagram.
Rajah menunjukkan pergerakan molekul merentasi plasma membran. Namakan proses yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah.
Facilitated diffusion
Resapan berbantu
Osmosis
Osmosis
Active transport
Pengangkutan aktif
Passive diffusion
Resapan pasif
Mengapakah air dikenali sebagai pelarut universal?
Molekul air bersifat ionik
Air melarutkan semua bahan
Molekul air berkutub
Air melarutkan kebanyakan bahan
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah mewakili tindak balas hidrolisis protein?
Polipeptida + Air ---> Asid Amino
Polipeptida ---> Dipeptida + Air
Dipeptida ---> Polipeptida + Air
Dipeptida + Air ---> Polipeptida
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah bukan sebatian organik dalam badan manusia?
Air
Protein
Lipid
Karbohidrat
Sebatian manakah ialah karbohidrat?
Glikogen dan trigliserida
Selulosa dan glikogen
Fosfolipid dan kanji
Steroid dan selulosa
Antara karbohidrat berikut, yang manakah bukan monosakarida?
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Laktosa
Galaktosa
Satu dipeptida boleh diuraikan kepada dua unit asas asid amino melalui proses
kondensasi
pemanasan
penambahan asid
hidrolisis
Apakah ciri yang membezakan lemak tepu dengan lemak tak tepu?
Lemak tepu tidak mengandungi gliserol
Lemak tepu berkeadaan cecair pada suhu bilik
Lemak tepu mengandungi kandungan kolesterol yang rendah
Lemak tepu tidak mengandungi ikatan ganda dua antara atom-atom karbon
Antara molekul berikut, yang manakah dibina daripada nukleotida?
Protein
Kanji
Lipid
RNA
Rajah 1 menunjukkan tindakan kapilari dalam pergerakan molekul-molekul air di sepanjang salur xilem.
Apakah nama daya S dan daya T?
S- lekitan, T- lekatan
S- lekatan, T- lekitan
S- tarikan transpirasi, T- lekatan
S- tarikan transpirasi, T- tekanan akar
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan pencernaan selulosa oleh mikroorganisma dengan bantuan enzim selulase. Apakah proses P dan bahan R?
P- kondensasi, R- maltosa
P- hidrolisis, R- maltosa
P- hidrolisis, R- glukosa
P- kondensasi, R- glukosa
Rajah 2 menunjukkan struktur bagi tiga jenis sebatian kimia, iaituL, M dan N. Apakah kelas bagi bahan kimia L, M dan N?
L- protein, M- lipid, N- Karbohidrat
L- karbohidrat, M- protein, N- lipid
L- lipid, M- protein, N- Karbohidrat
L- lipid, M- Karbohidrat, N- protein
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah fungsi lipid?
Sumber tenaga simpanan
Membaiki sel-sel yang rosak
Membantu dalam proses pernafasan
Mengekalkan kesihatan badan yang baik
Antara bahan berikut, yang manakah jenis lipid steroid?
Lemak
Estrogen
Fosfolipid
Kolesterol
Rajah 3 menunjukkan pasangan bes pelengkap antara dua nukleotida daripada heliks ganda dua molekul DNA. Apakah pasangan bes yang diwakili oleh X dan Y?
X- sitosina, Y- adenina
X- sitosina, Y- timina
X- guanina, Y- adenina
X- adenina, Y- timina
Apakah perbezaan antara mitosis dan meiosis?
Mitosis pada sel kulit, meiosis berlaku pada sel saraf
Mitosis menghasilkan dua sel anak, meiosis menghasilkan empat sel anak
Mitosis menghasilkan variasi pada sel anak, meiosis menghasilkan sel anak yang tiada variasi
Mitosis berlaku untuk menghasilkan sel pembiakan, meiosis berlaku pada sel soma sahaja
Bakteria Escherichia coli yang ditunjukkan amat berguna dalam kejuruteraan genetik. Apakah struktur dalam bakteria ini yang digunakan untuk mengangkut gen organisma lain?
Plasmid
Mesosom
Ribosom
Plasma membran
Variasi dalam bayi baharu lahir seperti dalam rajah diberi adalah disebabkan oleh...
faktor persekitaran
faktor genetik
faktor genetik dan faktor persekitaran
Kejuruteraan genetik boleh digunakan untuk tujuan yang memberi manfaat kepada manusia seperti berikut:
Mengkaji fungsi gen tertentu
Meningkatkan nutrisi dalam tanaman
Menghasilkan rumpai yang tahan racun serangga
Menggantikan tanaman yang tidak memberi hasil yang tinggi
Molekul biologi yang mengandungi maklumat perwarisan untuk organisma tertentu ialah...
Protein
Karbohidrat
Asid lemak
Asid deoksiribonukleik
Apa itu mitosis?
Membentuk 2 sel anak tidak seiras
Membentuk 2 sel anak yang seiras
Membentuk 3 sel anak yang seiras
Membentuk 3 sel anak tidak seiras
Apakah kandungan didalam 2 sel anak seiras?
Kandungan bahan genetik tidak sama
Bilangan kromosom tidak sama
Bilangan kromosom sama
Bilangan kromosom dan kandungan bahan genetik sama
Dimanakah proses mitosis berlaku?
Di dalam badan manusia
Di dalam sel badan manusia
Pada sel soma seluruh badan manusia
Pada sel soma separuh badan manusia
Berapakah fasa mitosis?
4
3
2
1
Apa itu profasa?
Kromosom tersusun di satah
Kromatid menuju ke kutub
Sel membahagi dua
Kromosom menjadi tebal dan pendek
Apakah kepentingan mitosis?
Untuk menghasilkan sel baharu
Untuk menghasilkan gamet
Untuk menghapuskan sel mati
Untuk menghindarkan jangkitan
Molekul biologi yang mengandungi maklumat perwarisan untuk organisma tertentu ialah...
Protein
Karbohidrat
Asid lemak
Asid deoksiribonukleik
Apakah fungsi kromosom?
menghasilkan sel baharu
mengawal pembahagian sel
membawa bahan genetik
mengawal mitosis dan meiosis
Rajah menunjukkan satu struktur kromosom semasa pembahagian sel. Bahagian yang berlabel P ialah
sentriol
kromatid
sentrosom
kiasma
Rajah menunjukkan fasa-fasa dalam mitosis bagi satu sel tumbuhan. Manakah urutan bagi mitosis dalam sel tumbuhan itu?
X,W, Y, Z
Z, X, W, Y
Z, Y, X, W
Y, W, X, Z
Meiosis adalah proses
gamet (sel seks) dihasilkan dalam organisma yang membiak secara seksual
gamet (sel seks) dihasilkan dalam organisma yang membiak secara aseksual
kitaran sel meiosis menghasilkan 2 sel yang secara genetik yang berbeza.
- Rajah menunjukkan satu proses yang berlaku dalam meiosis. Apakah proses yang ditunjukkan di atas?
Perpisahan
Pindah silang
Replikasi
Variasi
Satu organisma P mempunyai 44 kromosom dalam sel kulit. Berapakah bilangan kromosom dalam sel sperma untuk organisma itu?
22
44
66
88
Apakah kromosom yang wujud pada sel kulit seseorang lelaki?
22 + Y
22 + X
44 + XX
44 + XY
"Kromosom kelihatan muncul dalam struktur bebenang halus yang di panggil Kromatin" .
Pada fasa manakah seperti yang dinyatakan diatas ?
Interfasa
Mitosis
Sitokenesis
Langkah di atas berlaku semasa proses
Rajah menunjukkan satu proses yang di alami oleh anak pokok. Proses tersebut melibatkan?
Pindah silang
Mutasi
Meiosis
Mitosis
Karyotip ini merujuk kepada karyotip seorang lelaki atau perempuan?
Lelaki
Perempuan
Nombor kromosom diploid bagi
seekor kucing iailah 40. Jika satu daripada pasangan kromosom homolog tidak
terpisah semasa Meiosis I, berapakah bilangan kromosom yang mungkin di dapati
pada gamet?
18
21
37
38
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A. Provide support for the plant
B. Conduct photosynthesis
C. Carries the products of photosynthesis
D. Forms the wall of the stem
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
Figure shows a cross section of a stem of a lotus that can be found in a aquatic habitat.
What is the importance of the stem structure?
A. Provide support to the plant
B. Reduce density of plant
C. Increases rate of gaseous exchange
D. Absorb maximum sunlight
A
B
C
D
Figure shows a mangrove swamp.
What is the important structure found in Avicennia sp. ?
A. Thorn
B. Hydathode
C. Pneumatophore
D. Aerenchyma tissues
A
B
C
D
Why does a water lettuce plant have roots which are fine and hairy?
A. To reduce water resistance
B. To trap air in water
C. To enable it to float in water
D. To increase absorption of water and minerals
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
Antara berikut, yang manakah punca pembentukan batu karang dalam ginjal?
Which of the following is a cause of kidney stone formation?
Pengambilan gula berlebihan
Consuming too much sugar
Jangkitan patogen
Infection of pathogen
Berat badan berlebihan
Excessive body weight
Pengambilan protein berlebihan
Consuming too much protein
The basic unit of structure and function in the nervous system is a nerve cell. Nerve cells are also called-
Osteocytes
Dendrites
Neurons
Spinal Cords
Select all of the organs of the nervous system:
Brain
Heart
Spinal Cord
Nerves
Stomach
Which of the following is not regulated by homeostasis?
body temperature
blood sugar
blood pH
body movements
