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purgatory

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a place of punishment where souls pay for past sins

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indulgence

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a release from punishment for sin by the Catholic Church

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thesis

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a position or idea a person is willing to prove

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recant

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to withdraw a statement or position publicly

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predestination

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the belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be condemned

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humanism

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an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of humanities

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heretic

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a person who opposes established religious teachings