Biology Basics

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Autotroph

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An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

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Heterotroph

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An organism that cannot produce its own food.

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Cellular Respiration

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The process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor.

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Photosynthesis

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The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

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Light Dependent Reaction

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A photochemical reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light energy is transformed into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Light Independent Reaction

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Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place within the stroma.

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Mitochondria

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Membrane-bound cell organelle.

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Chloroplasts

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A type of plastid—a round, oval, or disk-shaped body that is involved in the synthesis and storage of foodstuffs.

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Kreb’s Cycle

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A series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy.

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Glycolysis

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The process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate, releasing energy.