Genetics Flashcards

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Zygote

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A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes (egg and sperm); a fertilized ovum.

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Sperm

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Male sex cell or gamete (haploid).

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Egg

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Female sex cell or gamete (haploid).

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Hybrids

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Offspring of crosses between parents with different forms of a trait (opposite of purebred).

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Genotype

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An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.

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Genome

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All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.

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Heterozygous

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Genotype consisting of two different alleles of a gene for a trait.

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Homologous chromosomes

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Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure.

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Homozygous

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Having two identical alleles for a particular gene on a pair of homologous chromosomes.

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Incomplete Dominance

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Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele. A heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype that is intermediate (blend) between homozygous genotypes.