Historical Figures and Events

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Queen Elizabeth I of England

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The monarch who allowed religious freedom as long as the people practiced "quietly." She also established the Anglican religion (Protestant).

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Johannes Gutenberg

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He invented the printing press, which allowed information to be printed quickly and in large quantities.

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Habsburg Family

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Controlled Austria, Hungary, and parts of the Holy Roman Empire. They stayed in power for over 700 years (until WWI) and remained loyal to the Catholic Church.

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Protestant Huguenots

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French Protestants who were granted toleration.

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King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain

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Fought to maintain Spain's official religion as the Roman Catholic Church.

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Martin Luther

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95 Theses, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany. It denied papal (pope's) power and absolutist rule and claimed there were only two sacraments: baptism and communion.

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King Henry VIII of England

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He disagreed with the Pope's authority because he wanted to divorce his wife. He established an official Protestant church in England and made himself the head of the Church of England.