physics

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Proton number

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Number of protons in an atom

(atomic number)

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Nucleon number

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Total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus (mass number)

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Isotopes

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Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons yet different number of neutrons

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Nuclear decay

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Random process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emission of electromagnetic radiation or particle(s)

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Ionising radiation

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Radiation with high energies that can knock off electrons in an atom to form ions

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Background radiation

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Nuclear radiation in an environment where no radioactive source has been deliberately introduced

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Half-life

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Time taken for half the nuclei of the nuclide in any sample to decay.

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Nuclear fission

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process in which a nucleus of an atom splits (into two parts) and releases a huge amount of energy

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Nuclear fusion

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Process in which two light atomic nuclei combine to form one heavier atomic nucleus and releases a huge amount of energy

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Electromagnetic induction

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Process through which an induced e.m.f is produced in a conductor due to a changing magnetic field