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Epidemiology

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The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems. 

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Disease

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Any deviation from the normal structure or function of a part, organ, or system of the body that is manifested by characteristic symptoms and signs.

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Infection

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The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites in body tissues, which may or may not cause disease.

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Outbreak

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A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a specific location or population.

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Epidemic

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A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

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Pandemic

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An epidemic that has spreadover a large region, for example, multiple continents or worldwide.  

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Endemic

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A disease that is constantly present in a particular geographic area or population.

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Incubation period

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The time between exposure to an infectious agent and the onset of symptoms.

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Communicable disease

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A disease that can be transmitted from one individual to another, either directly or indirectly.

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Non-communicable disease

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A disease that is not transmitted from one individual to another.