Chapter 1 Water

Front

What is a solute?

Back

A substance that is dissolved by a solvent

Front

what is a solvent?

Back

A substance which is able to dissolve other substances

Front

Define salinity

Back

The measure of concentration of dissolved salts in seawater.

Front

What occurs when water is going from a liquid to solid (kinetic particle theory)

Back

Due to a DECREASE in HEAT ENERGY, water molecules SLOW DOWN allowing the formation of stable hydrogen bonds in a fixed shape;

Front

Look at the structure and determine the name

Back

A- Sodiyum Chloride (square shape)

B- Glucose (monosaccharide)

C- Oxygen (same atoms)

D- Calcium carbonate (bc its CaCO3 and theres 3 parts

Front

What bonds are occuring?

Back

A- ionic bc its salt

B- covalent

C- covalent bc they both share 2 atoms making a full valence shell

D- ionic bc calcium carbonate is a salt

Front

Explain how salinity and temperature affect the density of seawater creating layers within the ocean, and how mixing of these layers occurs

Back

With an increase of salinity, the density increases, which causes saltier water to sink below less salty layers. This is what halocline is. However an increase of temperature causes a decrease in density, making colder water sink below the warmer layers. This is an example of thermocline.

Front

When creating the solid form of water, ice, individual water molecules link together through the attractive forces of hydrogen bonds, forming a lattice structure. State how this change in structure affects the density of ice compared to liquid water.

Back

This change in structure causes ice to be less dense than water due to the molecules being more spread out into a hexagon shape, as a result there is more space.

Front

Explain why this graph should be shown as a BAR graph instead of a line graph.

Back

This data should be presented as a bar graph instead of a line graph because the purpose of a line graph is to show changes over time. In this situation there are no trends so making it into a line graph is illogical.