Progressive Era and Reform Movements

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Jacob Riis

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Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen.

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Muckrakers

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1906 - Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business.

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The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

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Exposed the horrible, unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry. Example of muckraking.

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Upton Sinclair

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Author who wrote a book about the horrors of food productions in 1906 - wrote The Jungle.

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Tammany Hall

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A political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism.

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Boss Tweed

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A political boss who carried corruption to new extremes, and cheated the city out of more than $100 million.

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17th Amendment (1913)

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Established that senators were to be elected directly by voters (instead of by state legislatures as under the Constitution originally). Part of the Progressive Era effort to curb the power of political parties and open up the government with more democracy to the people.

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18th Amendment (1919)

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Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages.

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Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

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March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers.

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19th Amendment (1920)

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Ratified on August 18, 1920, prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. The amendment was the culmination of the women's suffrage movement in the U.S.