NEUR0005

Front

Glia

Back

glia cells generate impulses that communicate to other glia cells and to neurons but on a slower timesclae than signals from neurons.

Glia influence or change the environment for neurotransmitters(the extracellular environment of the neuron system)

Front

astrocyte

Back

- most common

• - regulation of capillary flow; metabolism; substance exchange between neural tissue and blood.

• - astrocyte regulate environment, metabolism and excitability of neurons and synapses.

Front

Oligodendrocyte

Back

- responsible for myelination in the central nervous system

• - provides support and insulation to axons in the brain.

• - contributes to the speed of electrical impulses

Front

Microglia

Back

• - specialised macrophage.

• - activated by infection or damage.

- act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system

• - part of immune system.

• - remove waste and debris

Front

Ependymal Cells

Back

- line the ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

• - involved in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

• - form a barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and the nervous tissue

Front

Precursor cells

Back

• - immature glia cells that can be transformed into oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and even neurons.

• - important in regeneration after injury.

Front

Schwann cells

Back

• - produce myellin sheeth for axons in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

• - uptake and processing of neurotransmitters in synapses especially the neurotransmitter junction.

• - And maintenance of the extracellular environment.

Front

Action potential

Back

• - a rapid sequence of change in the voltage across the membrane.

• - threshold.

• - depolarisation.

• - repolarisation.

• - hyperpolarisation.

• - resting period.

Front

The difference between electrical and chemical signals.

Back

• - electrical is really fast, but irreversible.

• - chemical signals are relatively slower, but reversible as the neurotransmitter can be detached from the receptor. It's probablistic.

Front

what is the protection for CNS?

Back

1. skull & spine

2. 3 layers of meninges

3. - dura mater: tough, thick, fibrous layer inside the bones

4. - arachnoid mater: fine, delicate sheet, connected to the pia mater by thin, web-like elastic strands

5. - pia mater: thin membrane, clings to the surface of brain & spinal cord, into sulci, around blood vessels(goes into folds & blood vessels)