Nucleotides and their uses

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RNA

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A type of nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis.

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Genetic information

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Information encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA.

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Purines

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Adenine and guanine, larger nucleobases in DNA and RNA.

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Pyrimidines

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Cytosine, thymine, and uracil, smaller nucleobases in DNA and RNA.

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Uracil

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A pyrimidine nucleobase found in RNA.

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Universal energy currency

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ATP is known as the universal energy currency.

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Transcription

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

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Translation

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The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using mRNA as a template.

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Codon

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies an amino acid.

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Ribosome

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A molecular machine that facilitates the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.