Biotech Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards 24-25

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Monomer

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the repeating units that make up polymers

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Polymer

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a large molecule made up of many repeating subunits

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Plasmid

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a tiny, circular piece of DNA, usually of bacterial origin; often used in recombinant DNA technologies

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R-plasmid

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a type of plasmid that contains a gene for antibiotic resistance

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Transformed (transformation)

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the cells that have taken up foreign DNA and started expressing the genes on the newly acquired DNA (the uptake and expression of foreign DNA by a cell)

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Operon

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a section of prokaryotic DNA consisting of one or more genes and their controlling elements

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Vector

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a piece of DNA that carries one or more genes into a cell; usually circular as in plasmid vectors

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Promoter

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the region at the beginning of a gene where RNA polymerase binds; the promoter “promotes” the recruitment of RNA polymerase and other factors required for transcription

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Operator

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a region on the operon that can either turn on or off expression of a set of genes depending on the binding of a regulatory molecule

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RNA polymerase

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an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of complementary RNA strands from a given DNA strand