Weathering and Soils

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weathering

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The chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth's surface.

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erosion

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Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away

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deposition

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Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.

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Principle of Horizontality

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Layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally because of gravity

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Principle of Superposition

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states that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top

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Principle of Uniformitarianism

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Earth processes occurring today are similar to those that occurred in the past

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mechanical weathering

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the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means

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ice wedging

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Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.

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abrasion

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The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind

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chemical weathering

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The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes