Genetic Engineering

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Genetic Engineering

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The direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

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The complete set of DNA in an organism, including all genes.

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Genome

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Types of genetically modified crops include corn, soybeans, and cotton genetically modified to be resistant to insects and herbicide.

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Genetically Modified organism (GMO)

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-5

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A part of a gene that codes for a protein. Within a gene, the coding parts of the gene (exons) are separated by noncoding parts, or introns. The introns are removed from mRNA.

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Exon

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

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A part of a gene that does not code for a protein. Introns are removed from mRNA during a process called RNA splicing.

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Intron

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

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A protein, isolated from the jellyfish genome, that glows bright green when exposed to ultraviolet light. In genetic engineering, the GFP gene can be attached to a promoter of interest to determine where in an organism that promoter is functional.

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Green fluorescent protein (GFP)

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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A pesticide used to kill unwanted insects.

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Insecticide

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-3

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

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A pesticide used to kill unwanted weeds. Pesticides are substances that kill organisms that are harmful to crops.

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Herbicide

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-3

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

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A region of DNA that starts the transcription of a particular gene. Transcription will eventually lead to protein production or other changes in cellular activity.

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Promoter

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template. It is often followed by Translation.

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Transcription

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1