Research Methods and Ethics in Psychology

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Research Methods

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The approaches psychologists use to gather information and test hypotheses (e.g., experiment, survey, case study, observation).

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Experiment

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A method where variables are manipulated to observe their effects on behavior.

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Survey

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A research tool used to gather self-reported data from a large group.

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Case Study

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An in-depth analysis of an individual or small group to explore unique phenomena.

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Observation

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A method of collecting data by watching behaviors in natural settings.

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Independent Variable (IV)

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The variable that is manipulated by the experimenter.

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Dependent Variable (DV)

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The variable that is measured to see if it changes due to manipulation of the IV.

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Blind Procedure

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Participants are unaware of the treatment they are receiving.

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Double-Blind Procedure

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Both participants and experimenters do not know who is receiving the treatment.

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Placebo

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A substance or treatment with no active therapeutic effect, used as a control.