Energy in the Earth System (Unit 3) Review

Front

Which statement describes the energy transfer between an ice cube and a cup of water?

Back

Energy in the form of heat is transferred from the water to the ice cube by conduction

Answer explanation

Energy is transferred from the warmer water to the colder ice cube by conduction, as heat moves through direct contact between the two substances, causing the ice to melt.

Front

What is the composition of Earth’s atmosphere?

Back

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases

Answer explanation

Earth's atmosphere is composed of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases, making the correct choice the fourth option. The other choices incorrectly state the percentages of oxygen and other gases.

Front

Which spheres would a dog walking on a leash interact with?

Back

Atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere

Answer explanation

A dog walking on a leash interacts with the atmosphere (air), biosphere (living organisms), and geosphere (land). These spheres are essential for the dog's environment and activities.

Front

When energy from the sun reaches the air above land, the air warms and rises. Along a coastline, cooler air above the ocean flows toward the land to replace this rising air. Which of the following best describes these processes?
Options: Radiation and conduction, Conduction, convection, and radiation, Radiation and convection, Conduction and convection

Back

Radiation and convection

Answer explanation

The sun's energy warms the air (radiation), causing it to rise. Cooler air from the ocean moves in to replace it, creating convection currents. Thus, the correct processes are radiation and convection.

Front

Which phrase defines a scientific theory? Options:

An untested idea

,

A well-supported explanation

,

An accepted description

,

An educated guess

Back

A well-supported explanation

Answer explanation

A scientific theory is defined as a well-supported explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of evidence. It is more than just an idea or guess; it is rigorously tested and widely accepted in the scientific community.

Front

Which part of Earth’s system includes the water in the Everglades?

Back

The hydrosphere

Answer explanation

The water in the Everglades is part of the hydrosphere, which includes all water on Earth. The geosphere refers to land, the cryosphere to ice, and the atmosphere to air, making the hydrosphere the correct choice.

Front

Which of the following is true about the stratosphere and the ozone layer?

Back

It filters out the sun’s ultraviolet radiation (UV)

Answer explanation

The correct choice is that the ozone layer filters out the sun’s ultraviolet radiation (UV), protecting life on Earth. The stratosphere is above the troposphere, winds do exist, and weather primarily occurs in the troposphere.

Front

Which gas in Earth's atmosphere is a greenhouse gas?

Back

Carbon Dioxide

Answer explanation

Carbon Dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect. In contrast, oxygen, nitrogen, and argon do not have this property.

Front

Repetition of an experiment is called a

Back

Trial

Answer explanation

Repetition of an experiment is referred to as a 'trial'. Each trial helps to ensure the reliability of the results by allowing for multiple observations and comparisons.

Front

Which two spheres interact to form ocean currents and waves?

Back

Atmosphere and hydrosphere

Answer explanation

Ocean currents and waves are formed by the interaction of the atmosphere and hydrosphere. The sun's energy heats the atmosphere, which in turn affects the water in the hydrosphere, creating currents and waves.