South Africa Unit 3

Front

Jan Smuts

Back

He founded Het Volk with Botha, with the aim for responsible government.

This allowed the Boers to get self-government faster.

He merges Het Volk with other parties to form the South African Party.

As prime minister from 1919-1924 he is saddled with the Rand Rebellion.

He helps create the UN and was an internationalist who was pro-Britain.

He served again as prime minister from 1939-1948

Front

James Hertzog

Back

He led the Nationalist Party and emerged victorious in the 1924 election, becoming its prime minister.

His government removed blacks from the voting lists in the Cape and passed other laws that favored Afrikaners and discriminated against non-whites in South Africa.

He formed the United Party with Smuts in 1934, but broke this in 1940 because of World War II.

Front

Louis Botha

Back

He turned the Boer War into a "people's war" and this was popular.
He used guerrilla warfare.
He founded Het Volk that stood for conciliation and cooperation with the British.
He supported the Natives Land Act.
He wanted to fight with Britain in WWI and was for humane treatment of them at Versailles
He was the first Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa.

Front

Natives Land Act

Back

Land was set aside for whites
7% of agricultural land went to blacks while they were 67% of the population.
It created reserves which would later become homelands - places to keep workers who were dependent on wages and as a means to disenfranchise blacks who were still on the voting roll.
Forbade blacks from buying or leasing land outside the reserves.

Front

Bantustan

Back

Rural, often non-contiguous areas set aside for nominal self-government for black South Africans; the white government used these to segregate and disenfranchise blacks.

Front

Rand Rebellion

Back

After WWI there were rising labor costs, higher costs of deep mining and inflation that made mine owners look at using black workers for skilled jobs. White workers went on strike and used violent means, which Smuts used even more violent means to crush - in the process killing 153 people. The event resulted in the Nationalists winning the next election.

Front

African National Congress

Back

Created in 1912 it was designed to protect the rights and freedoms of black South Africans; it opposed the 1913 Land Act and pass laws; its leaders modeled themselves after moderate reformers in the US like Booker T. Washington.

Front

John Dube

Back

He studied at Oberlin College and after the Union of South Africa was created in 1910, ushering in laws that discriminated against black South Africans, he helped found the African National Congress.

Front

Apprenticeship Act

Back

it gave unionized white workers a secure position by setting educational qualifications for apprenticeship in numerous trades, making it impossible for black South Africans to get upwardly mobile jobs because they lacked the prescribed educational level. It was an example of early laws that favored whites over blacks to keep society stratified by race.

Front

South African Indian Congress

Back

It was founded in the 1920s to fight against discrimination by the Union of South Africa's government against Indians in the nation. It was a western-oriented, middle class group whose members had attended the best schools. They worked, like the other early groups, to get full equality for middle class first, and then for the masses. They worked with white liberals.