Geological Processes and Features

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Weathering

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Physical or chemical breakdown of rocks.

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Physical (Mechanical) Weathering

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The breakdown of rocks and minerals through physical forces. Agents of weathering include wind, water (ice), gravity, pressure changes, temperature changes, plant/animal actions.

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Abrasion

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The process of scraping or wearing away rocks through friction.

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Chemical Weathering

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The breakdown of rocks and minerals through chemical reactions. Oxidation, acid raid, acid in groundwater.

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Oxidation

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A chemical weathering process where minerals react with oxygen to form oxides.

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Acid Precipitation

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A form of chemical weathering that causes environmental harm.

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Erosion

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The process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by wind or water, and then transported (moved) and deposited in other locations. Human activities that contribute to erosion include: building parking lots and roads, clearing land, and surface mining.

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Deposition

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After erosion, the geological process in which sediments, soil, and rocks are DROPPED and added to a landform.

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Floodplain

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A flat area of land next to a river or stream that floods when the water level rises.

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Delta

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A landform at the mouth of a river where it deposits sediment as it flows into another body of water.