Cell Biology Flashcard

Front

What is active transport in cell biology?

Back

Active transport is the process by which cells move substances across their membrane against a concentration gradient, requiring energy, usually in the form of ATP.

Front

What are the main phases of mitosis?

Back

The main phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Front

What occurs during prophase?

Back

During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

Front

How does mitosis maintain genetic continuity?

Back

Mitosis maintains genetic continuity by ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Front

What is the role of colchicine in cell division?

Back

Colchicine disrupts the formation of the mitotic spindle, thereby inhibiting the process of mitosis.

Front

What is the outcome of mitosis in terms of chromosome number?

Back

The outcome of mitosis is two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Front

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Back

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse gametes with half the number of chromosomes.

Front

What is a chromosome?

Back

A chromosome is a structure made of DNA and protein that contains genetic information.

Front

What is the significance of the mitotic spindle?

Back

The mitotic spindle is essential for the separation of chromosomes during mitosis, ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes.

Front

What happens during metaphase?

Back

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, and spindle fibers attach to their centromeres.