Translation and Mutations

Flashcard
•
Biology
•
9th - 12th Grade
•
Hard
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15 questions
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1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Back
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Back
Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a chromosomal mutation?
Back
A chromosomal mutation is a change in the structure or number of chromosomes, which can lead to genetic disorders or variations.
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is chromosomal inversion?
Back
Chromosomal inversion is a type of mutation where a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
How is DNA transcribed to mRNA?
Back
DNA is transcribed to mRNA by complementary base pairing, where adenine pairs with uracil and cytosine pairs with guanine.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a frameshift mutation?
Back
A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame of the gene.
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?
Back
A point mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide, while a frameshift mutation involves the addition or deletion of nucleotides, affecting the entire sequence downstream.
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