Biology Concepts

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Germ Theory of Disease

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The theory that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms.

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Immune System

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The body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders.

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Pathogen

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A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

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Robert Koch

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A founder of modern bacteriology, known for his role in identifying specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax.

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Toxin

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A poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms.

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Vaccination

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The administration of a vaccine to stimulate an immune response to an antigen, a pathogen-specific molecule that triggers the immune system to start producing antibodies.

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Active Site

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The region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

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Active Transport

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The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient.

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Adenine

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A nucleobase (a purine derivative) that pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA.

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Adhesion

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The tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another.