Intermolecular Forces Review

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What are intermolecular forces?

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Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They are responsible for the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points.

Front

What are the main types of intermolecular forces?

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The main types of intermolecular forces are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces (London forces), and ion-dipole interactions.

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What is a dipole-dipole interaction?

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Dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules, where the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of another molecule.

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What is hydrogen bonding?

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Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

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What are dispersion forces?

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Dispersion forces, also known as London forces, are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary dipoles in nonpolar molecules due to fluctuations in electron distribution.

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How does molecular polarity affect intermolecular forces?

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Molecular polarity affects intermolecular forces by determining the type and strength of interactions between molecules; polar molecules exhibit stronger dipole-dipole interactions compared to nonpolar molecules.

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What is the strongest intermolecular force in formaldehyde (CH2O)?

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The strongest intermolecular force in formaldehyde (CH2O) is dipole-dipole.

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What is the strongest intermolecular force in phosphine (PH3)?

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The strongest intermolecular force in phosphine (PH3) is dipole-dipole.

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What is the strongest intermolecular force in hydrogen chloride (HCl)?

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The strongest intermolecular force in hydrogen chloride (HCl) is dipole-dipole.

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What is the strongest intermolecular force in carbon dioxide (CO2)?

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The strongest intermolecular force in carbon dioxide (CO2) is dispersion forces.