Flashcard #4: Conditional Statements, Inductive & Deductive Reasoning

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What is a conditional statement?

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A conditional statement is a logical statement that has two parts: a hypothesis (if part) and a conclusion (then part). It is often written in the form 'If P, then Q'.

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What is the hypothesis in a conditional statement?

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The hypothesis is the part of the conditional statement that follows 'if'. It represents the condition that must be true for the conclusion to follow.

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What is deductive reasoning?

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Deductive reasoning is a logical process where a conclusion is drawn from a set of premises that are generally assumed to be true. It moves from general principles to specific instances.

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What is inductive reasoning?

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Inductive reasoning is a logical process where generalizations are made based on specific observations or examples. It moves from specific instances to broader generalizations.

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What is a converse statement?

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The converse of a conditional statement is formed by reversing the hypothesis and conclusion. For example, the converse of 'If P, then Q' is 'If Q, then P'.

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What is an obtuse angle?

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An obtuse angle is an angle that measures greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees.

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What is the conclusion in a conditional statement?

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The conclusion is the part of the conditional statement that follows 'then'. It represents the outcome that occurs if the hypothesis is true.

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What is a syllogism?

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A syllogism is a form of deductive reasoning that consists of two premises followed by a conclusion. For example: 'All A are B; all B are C; therefore, all A are C'.

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What does it mean for a statement to be valid?

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A statement is valid if the conclusion logically follows from the premises. In deductive reasoning, a valid argument guarantees the truth of the conclusion if the premises are true.

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What is a counterexample?

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A counterexample is an example that disproves a statement or proposition. It shows that the statement is not universally true.