inductive & Deductive Reasoning

A counterexample is an example that disproves a conjecture or statement.

42 is a counterexample because it is divisible by 2 but not by 4.

Deductive reasoning.

Deductive reasoning involves making general observations and applying them to specific situations.

Since all humans are mortal, and I am human, then I am mortal.

Inductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations or examples.

Inductive reasoning moves from specific instances to general conclusions, while deductive reasoning moves from general principles to specific conclusions.

A valid argument is one where if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true.

An invalid argument is one where the premises can be true, but the conclusion can still be false.

A syllogism is a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions (premises).