Encourages empathy and potential action.

Connects with audience feelings to prompt actions.

Social Responsibility

Encourages audience to consider their duty and act.

Invoking social responsibility

Aligns with readers' values to motivate actions.

Appeal to social responsibility

Prompts audience to act for the greater good.

Invites audience to question and support fairness.

Highlighting justice issues

Positions audience to feel fairness is important.

Resonates with audience values, encouraging belief in fairness.

Positive Tone: The optimistic tone of the text inspires the audience to feel...

The optimistic tone encourages the audience to feel inspired and motivated.

Positive Tone: By adopting a hopeful tone, the author fosters a sense of..., leading readers to...

A hopeful tone fosters a sense of possibility, leading readers to feel encouraged.

Positive Tone: The light-hearted/humorous tone engages the audience and makes the argument seem more approachable, which may result in...

A light-hearted tone makes the argument approachable, resulting in increased engagement.

Neutral/Moderate Tone: The reflective tone prompts readers to consider..., which may deepen their understanding of...

A reflective tone prompts consideration, deepening understanding.

Neutral/Moderate Tone: An assertive tone adds strength to the argument, making readers more likely to...

An assertive tone strengthens the argument, increasing reader agreement.

Neutral/Moderate Tone: The sceptical tone leads readers to question..., potentially influencing them to...

A sceptical tone leads readers to question, influencing critical thinking.

Negative Tone: The critical tone challenges the audience to reflect on..., potentially prompting them to reconsider...

A critical tone challenges reflection, prompting reconsideration.

Negative Tone: By adopting a dismissive tone, the author conveys..., which might lead the audience to feel...

A dismissive tone conveys disregard, leading to audience detachment.

Negative Tone: The sarcastic/ironic tone highlights flaws or contradictions in..., encouraging the audience to see the argument as...

A sarcastic tone highlights flaws, encouraging skepticism.

Definition: Ethos is an appeal to credibility or character. It aims to establish the author’s trustworthiness or authority on a subject. Example: "As a doctor with 20 years of experience, I can confidently say that this treatment is effective." Impact on Audience: Builds trust and respect, making the audience more likely to accept the argument due to the author’s credibility and expertise.

Definition: Logos is an appeal to logic and reason. It uses facts, statistics, and logical reasoning to support an argument. Example: "Studies show that regular exercise reduces the risk of heart disease by 50%." Impact on Audience: Encourages a rational response, making the audience more likely to agree based on logical, evidence-based reasoning.

Definition: Pathos is an appeal to emotions. It seeks to evoke feelings like empathy, anger, or sadness to persuade the audience. Example: "Imagine the heartbreak of losing a loved one to a preventable illness. We need to act now." Impact on Audience: Creates an emotional connection, encouraging readers to act or support the argument based on empathy or shared emotional response.

Definition: An appeal to authority relies on the expertise or status of a well-regarded individual or institution to support the argument. Example: "The World Health Organisation recommends vaccination to prevent the spread of infectious diseases." Impact on Audience: Adds credibility to the argument by associating it with a reputable source, increasing audience trust in the information provided.

Definition: An appeal to fear uses warnings or potential dangers to motivate the audience to take action or avoid something. Example: "Without immediate action on climate change, our planet could face irreversible damage within the next decade."

Appeal to Social Responsibility

Definition: Encourages individuals to act for the benefit of society or the environment, appealing to their sense of duty or moral responsibility. Example: "Recycling isn’t just a choice—it’s our responsibility to future generations." Impact on Audience: Inspires collective action and a sense of moral obligation.

Appeal to Justice or Fairness

Definition: Emphasises issues of fairness, equality, or morality to persuade the audience. Example: "Everyone deserves access to quality healthcare, regardless of their income or background." Impact on Audience: Engages the audience’s sense of right and wrong, encouraging support based on fairness and ethical principles.

Definition: Invokes national pride or loyalty to persuade the audience to support a cause or action. Example: "Supporting local businesses strengthens our economy and keeps our country strong." Impact on Audience: Fosters a sense of pride and unity, encouraging action out of loyalty or commitment to their country.

Appeal to Common Sense

Definition: Suggests that the argument is reasonable and something everyone would naturally agree with. Example: "It’s common sense that drinking plenty of water keeps us healthy and hydrated." Impact on Audience: Simplifies complex ideas, making the argument seem logical and intuitive.

Definition: Argues that something should continue because it has always been done that way.

Appeal to Ethos (Credibility)

Definition: Credibility, Trustworthiness Example: "As a doctor with 20 years of experience, I confidently say this treatment works." Impact: Builds trust; audience more likely to accept argument due to author’s authority.

Appeal to Logos (Logic)

Definition: Facts, Stats, Logic Example: "Studies show regular exercise reduces heart disease by 50%." Impact: Rational response; audience agrees through logical reasoning.

Appeal to Pathos (Emotion)

Definition: Emotions, Evoke Feelings Example: "Imagine the heartbreak of losing a loved one to a preventable illness. Act now." Impact: Emotional connect; motivates action/support based on empathy.

Appeal to Justice/Fairness

Definition: Equality, Fair Treatment Example: "Everyone deserves access to healthcare, regardless of income." Impact: Fairness - Audience supports due to justice, ethical values.

Questioning & Critical Thinking

Flaws Highlighted, Absurdity Shown

Rhetorical Appeals and Their Impact Flashcards

Student preview

47 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Ethos (Credibility)

Back

Establishes credibility to encourage audience actions.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Use of credible sources

Back

Builds trust with the audience, making them more likely to agree.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Appealing to ethos

Back

Positions the audience to view the argument favorably.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Logos (Logic)

Back

Logical evidence prompts the audience to think critically.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Facts and statistics

Back

Lead the audience to logical conclusions.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Appeal to logos

Back

Encourages readers to assess issues based on reason.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Pathos (Emotion)

Back

Emotional language motivates audience actions.

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