active and passive transport

Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell during processes like endocytosis and exocytosis.

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, relying on concentration gradients.

Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Diffusion is the process by which molecules spread from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that uses transport proteins to help move substances across the cell membrane.

Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf external substances, bringing them into the cell in vesicles.

Exocytosis is the process by which cells expel materials in vesicles, releasing them outside the cell.

Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy, while passive transport moves substances along their concentration gradient without energy.