Igneous Rock Flashcard

Front

What primarily determines the type of igneous rock that forms from magma?

Back

The composition of the magma.

Front

What is the process called when some minerals melt at lower temperatures while others remain solid?

Back

Partial melting.

Front

What does the term 'texture' refer to in the context of igneous rocks?

Back

The size, shape, and distribution of crystals or grains.

Front

Which type of igneous rock is characterized by a spongy appearance due to trapped gas bubbles?

Back

Vesicular rock.

Front

In Bowen’s reaction series, which minerals are represented on the left branch?

Back

Olivine and pyroxene.

Front

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

Back

Intrusive igneous rocks form from magma that cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, while extrusive igneous rocks form from lava that cools quickly on the surface.

Front

What is the significance of Bowen's reaction series in geology?

Back

Bowen's reaction series illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma, helping to understand the formation of different igneous rocks.

Front

What is the role of gas in the formation of vesicular igneous rocks?

Back

Gas bubbles trapped in the lava during solidification create a spongy texture in vesicular igneous rocks.

Front

How does the cooling rate of magma affect the crystal size in igneous rocks?

Back

Slower cooling rates allow larger crystals to form, while faster cooling rates result in smaller crystals.

Front

What are the two main types of igneous rocks based on their formation location?

Back

Intrusive (plutonic) and extrusive (volcanic) igneous rocks.