Succession

Front

What is primary succession?

Back

Primary succession is the process of ecological change that occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as after a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat.

Front

What is secondary succession?

Back

Secondary succession is the process of ecological change that occurs in an area where soil is already present, typically after a disturbance such as a fire or flood.

Front

What is the first stage of primary succession?

Back

The first stage of primary succession is the colonization of bare rock by pioneer species, such as lichens and mosses.

Front

What role do pioneer species play in primary succession?

Back

Pioneer species help to create soil by breaking down rock and accumulating organic material as they die and decompose.

Front

What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

Back

The main difference is that primary succession occurs in lifeless areas without soil, while secondary succession occurs in areas where soil is already present.

Front

What types of disturbances can lead to secondary succession?

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Disturbances such as wildfires, floods, hurricanes, and human activities like farming can lead to secondary succession.

Front

What is a climax community?

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A climax community is a stable and mature ecological community that has reached the final stage of succession.

Front

How does soil formation differ between primary and secondary succession?

Back

In primary succession, soil must be formed from bare rock, while in secondary succession, soil is already present and may only need to be restored.

Front

What is the typical order of plant growth after a volcanic eruption?

Back

The typical order of plant growth after a volcanic eruption is lichens → grasses → shrubs → trees.

Front

What is ecological succession?

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Ecological succession is the gradual process of change and replacement in the species composition of a given area.